TY - JOUR
T1 - Pathways of inhalation exposure to manganese in children living near a ferromanganese refinery
T2 - A structural equation modeling approach
AU - Fulk, Florence
AU - Succop, Paul
AU - Hilbert, Timothy J.
AU - Beidler, Caroline
AU - Brown, David
AU - Reponen, Tiina
AU - Haynes, Erin N.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2017/2/1
Y1 - 2017/2/1
N2 - Manganese (Mn) is both essential element and neurotoxicant. Exposure to Mn can occur from various sources and routes. Structural equation modeling was used to examine routes of exposure to Mn among children residing near a ferromanganese refinery in Marietta, Ohio. An inhalation pathway model to ambient air Mn was hypothesized. Data for model evaluation were obtained from participants in the Communities Actively Researching Exposure Study (CARES). These data were collected in 2009 and included levels of Mn in residential soil and dust, levels of Mn in children's hair, information on the amount of time the child spent outside, heat and air conditioning in the home and level of parent education. Hair Mn concentration was the primary endogenous variable used to assess the theoretical inhalation exposure pathways. The model indicated that household dust Mn was a significant contributor to child hair Mn (0.37). Annual ambient air Mn concentration (0.26), time children spent outside (0.24) and soil Mn (0.24) significantly contributed to the amount of Mn in household dust. These results provide a potential framework for understanding the inhalation exposure pathway for children exposed to ambient air Mn who live in proximity to an industrial emission source.
AB - Manganese (Mn) is both essential element and neurotoxicant. Exposure to Mn can occur from various sources and routes. Structural equation modeling was used to examine routes of exposure to Mn among children residing near a ferromanganese refinery in Marietta, Ohio. An inhalation pathway model to ambient air Mn was hypothesized. Data for model evaluation were obtained from participants in the Communities Actively Researching Exposure Study (CARES). These data were collected in 2009 and included levels of Mn in residential soil and dust, levels of Mn in children's hair, information on the amount of time the child spent outside, heat and air conditioning in the home and level of parent education. Hair Mn concentration was the primary endogenous variable used to assess the theoretical inhalation exposure pathways. The model indicated that household dust Mn was a significant contributor to child hair Mn (0.37). Annual ambient air Mn concentration (0.26), time children spent outside (0.24) and soil Mn (0.24) significantly contributed to the amount of Mn in household dust. These results provide a potential framework for understanding the inhalation exposure pathway for children exposed to ambient air Mn who live in proximity to an industrial emission source.
KW - Blood
KW - Dispersion modeling
KW - Dust
KW - Hair
KW - Structural equation model (SEM)
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U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.030
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.030
M3 - Article
C2 - 27865527
AN - SCOPUS:85006760153
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 579
SP - 768
EP - 775
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
ER -