Abstract
This article focuses on the first generation of pharmacogenetic tests that are potentially useful in psychiatry. All pharmacogenetic tests currently on the market, or soon to be marketed in psychiatry, for which some information has been published in peer-reviewed journal articles (or abstracts), were selected. Five pharmacogenetic tests are reviewed in detail: the Roche AmpliChip CYP450 Test, the Luminex Tag-It Mutation Detection Kit, the LGC clozapine response test, the PGxPredict: Clozapine test, and the Genomas PhyzioType system. After reviewing these tests, three practical aspects of implementing pharmacogenetic testing in psychiatric clinical practice are briefly reviewed: (1) the evaluation of these tests in clinical practice, (2) cost-effectiveness, and (3) regulatory oversight. Finally, the future of these and other pharmacogenetic tests in psychiatry is discussed.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 599-617 |
| Number of pages | 19 |
| Journal | Clinics in Laboratory Medicine |
| Volume | 28 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Dec 2008 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Five pharmacogenetic tests are described in detail in this article. To avoid biases due to conflict of interest, only peer-reviewed articles were used for the data discussed. The AmpliChip CYP450 Test is marketed by Roche Molecular Systems, Inc. Dr. de Leon received researcher-initiated grants ending in 2007 from Roche Molecular Systems, Inc. He was on Roche Molecular Systems, Inc.'s Advisory Board in 2006. His lectures have been supported seven times by Roche Molecular Systems, Inc. (one in 2005 and six in 2006). He has never been a consultant to, and has no other financial arrangements with, Roche Molecular Systems, Inc. Other coauthors have no conflict of interest with Roche Molecular Systems, Inc. The Tag-It Mutation Detection Kit is marketed by Luminex. Dr. Ruaño's laboratory uses this test. Other coauthors have no conflict of interest with Luminex. The LGC clozapine response test was developed in part by Dr. Arranz. She actively collaborates with LGC in the development of genetic tests and has received consultant fees from LGC. Other coauthors have no conflict of interest with LGC. The PGxPredict:Clozapine was marketed by PGxHealth. The authors have no conflict of interest with PGxHealth. The PhyzioType system is proprietary to Genomas. Dr. Ruaño is the CEO of Genomas and is supported by the NIH Small Business Innovation Research Grant 2 R44 MH073291-02 “DNA Diagnostics for Minimizing Metabolic Side-Effects of Antipsychotics.” Dr. de Leon is a coinvestigator for this NIH grant. He has never been a consultant to, and has no other financial arrangements with, Genomas. Dr. Arranz has no relationship with Genomas, but was a coauthor of one of the articles using The PhyzioType system in which Dr. de Leon was the first author.
Funding
Five pharmacogenetic tests are described in detail in this article. To avoid biases due to conflict of interest, only peer-reviewed articles were used for the data discussed. The AmpliChip CYP450 Test is marketed by Roche Molecular Systems, Inc. Dr. de Leon received researcher-initiated grants ending in 2007 from Roche Molecular Systems, Inc. He was on Roche Molecular Systems, Inc.'s Advisory Board in 2006. His lectures have been supported seven times by Roche Molecular Systems, Inc. (one in 2005 and six in 2006). He has never been a consultant to, and has no other financial arrangements with, Roche Molecular Systems, Inc. Other coauthors have no conflict of interest with Roche Molecular Systems, Inc. The Tag-It Mutation Detection Kit is marketed by Luminex. Dr. Ruaño's laboratory uses this test. Other coauthors have no conflict of interest with Luminex. The LGC clozapine response test was developed in part by Dr. Arranz. She actively collaborates with LGC in the development of genetic tests and has received consultant fees from LGC. Other coauthors have no conflict of interest with LGC. The PGxPredict:Clozapine was marketed by PGxHealth. The authors have no conflict of interest with PGxHealth. The PhyzioType system is proprietary to Genomas. Dr. Ruaño is the CEO of Genomas and is supported by the NIH Small Business Innovation Research Grant 2 R44 MH073291-02 “DNA Diagnostics for Minimizing Metabolic Side-Effects of Antipsychotics.” Dr. de Leon is a coinvestigator for this NIH grant. He has never been a consultant to, and has no other financial arrangements with, Genomas. Dr. Arranz has no relationship with Genomas, but was a coauthor of one of the articles using The PhyzioType system in which Dr. de Leon was the first author.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| National Institutes of Health (NIH) | 2 R44 MH073291-02 |
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Clinical Biochemistry
- Biochemistry, medical