Phylogenetic analysis and characterization of a sporadic isolate of equine influenza a H3N8 from an unvaccinated horse in 2015

Chithra C. Sreenivasan; Sunayana S. Jandhyala; Sisi Luo; Ben M. Hause; Milton Thomas; David E.B. Knudsen; Pamela Leslie-Steen; Travis Clement; Stephanie E. Reedy; Thomas M. Chambers; Jane Christopher-Hennings; Eric Nelson; Dan Wang; Radhey S. Kaushik; Feng Li

doi:10.3390/v10010031

Phylogenetic analysis and characterization of a sporadic isolate of equine influenza a H3N8 from an unvaccinated horse in 2015

Chithra C. Sreenivasan, Sunayana S. Jandhyala, Sisi Luo, Ben M. Hause, Milton Thomas, David E.B. Knudsen, Pamela Leslie-Steen, Travis Clement, Stephanie E. Reedy, Thomas M. Chambers, Jane Christopher-Hennings, Eric Nelson, Dan Wang, Radhey S. Kaushik, Feng Li

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

13 Scopus citations

Abstract

Equine influenza, caused by the H3N8 subtype, is a highly contagious respiratory disease affecting equid populations worldwide and has led to serious epidemics and transboundary pandemics. This study describes the phylogenetic characterization and replication kinetics of recently-isolated H3N8 virus from a nasal swab obtained from a sporadic case of natural infection in an unvaccinated horse from Montana, USA. The nasal swab tested positive for equine influenza by Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Further, the whole genome sequencing of the virus confirmed that it was the H3N8 subtype and was designated as A/equine/Montana/9564-1/2015 (H3N8). A BLASTn search revealed that the polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1), polymerase acidic (PA), hemagglutinin (HA), nucleoprotein (NP), and matrix (M) segments of thisH3N8 isolate shared the highest percentage identity toA/equine/Tennessee/29A/2014 (H3N8) and the polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2), neuraminidase (NA), and non-structural protein (NS) segments to A/equine/Malaysia/M201/2015 (H3N8). Phylogenetic characterization of individual gene segments, using currently available H3N8 viral genomes, of both equine and canine origin, further established that A/equine/Montana/9564-1/2015 belonged to the Florida Clade 1 viruses. Interestingly, replication kinetics of this H3N8 virus, using airway derived primary cells from multiple species, such as equine, swine, bovine, and human lung epithelial cells, demonstrated appreciable titers, when compared to Madin–Darby canine kidney epithelial cells. These findings indicate the broad host spectrum of this virus isolate and suggest the potential for cross-species transmissibility.

Original language	English
Article number	31
Journal	Viruses
Volume	10
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/v10010031
State	Published - Jan 11 2018

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Funding

We thank Clinton Jones, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University for providing the bovine primary nasal turbinate cells and Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Lab for providing the equine H3N8 virus culture. This work was partially supported by SDSU AES 3AH-477, by National Science Foundation/EPSCoR (http://www.nsf.gov/od/iia/programs/epscor/index.jsp) award IIA-1335423, and by the state of South Dakota Governor’s Office of Economic Development as a South Dakota Research Innovation Center. Radhey S. Kaushik was funded and supported by USDA NIFA SDSU Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch grant # SD00H547-15. Thomas M. Chambers and Stephanie E. Reedy were supported by the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station (project no. KY014053). Acknowledgments: We thank Clinton Jones, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University for providing the bovine primary nasal turbinate cells and Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Lab for providing the equine H3N8 virus culture. This work was partially supported by SDSU AES 3AH-477, by National Science Foundation/EPSCoR (http://www.nsf.gov/od/iia/programs/epscor/index.jsp) award IIA-1335423, and by the state of South Dakota Governor’s Office of Economic Development as a South Dakota Research Innovation Center. Radhey S. Kaushik was funded and supported by USDA NIFA SDSU Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch grant # SD00H547-15. Thomas M. Chambers and Stephanie E. Reedy were supported by the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station (project no. KY014053).

Funders	Funder number
National Science Foundation/EPSCoR
South Dakota Governor’s Office of Economic Development
USDA NIFA SDSU Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch	SD00H547-15
National Science Foundation (NSF)
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Office of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research	IIA-1335423
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
San Diego State University	AES 3AH-477
Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station	KY014053

Keywords

Equine influenza H3N8
Florida Clade 1
Hemagglutinin
Horses
Lineages

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Infectious Diseases
Virology

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.3390/v10010031

Cite this

Sreenivasan, C. C., Jandhyala, S. S., Luo, S., Hause, B. M., Thomas, M., Knudsen, D. E. B., Leslie-Steen, P., Clement, T., Reedy, S. E., Chambers, T. M., Christopher-Hennings, J., Nelson, E., Wang, D., Kaushik, R. S., & Li, F. (2018). Phylogenetic analysis and characterization of a sporadic isolate of equine influenza a H3N8 from an unvaccinated horse in 2015. Viruses, 10(1), Article 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10010031

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abstract = "Equine influenza, caused by the H3N8 subtype, is a highly contagious respiratory disease affecting equid populations worldwide and has led to serious epidemics and transboundary pandemics. This study describes the phylogenetic characterization and replication kinetics of recently-isolated H3N8 virus from a nasal swab obtained from a sporadic case of natural infection in an unvaccinated horse from Montana, USA. The nasal swab tested positive for equine influenza by Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Further, the whole genome sequencing of the virus confirmed that it was the H3N8 subtype and was designated as A/equine/Montana/9564-1/2015 (H3N8). A BLASTn search revealed that the polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1), polymerase acidic (PA), hemagglutinin (HA), nucleoprotein (NP), and matrix (M) segments of thisH3N8 isolate shared the highest percentage identity toA/equine/Tennessee/29A/2014 (H3N8) and the polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2), neuraminidase (NA), and non-structural protein (NS) segments to A/equine/Malaysia/M201/2015 (H3N8). Phylogenetic characterization of individual gene segments, using currently available H3N8 viral genomes, of both equine and canine origin, further established that A/equine/Montana/9564-1/2015 belonged to the Florida Clade 1 viruses. Interestingly, replication kinetics of this H3N8 virus, using airway derived primary cells from multiple species, such as equine, swine, bovine, and human lung epithelial cells, demonstrated appreciable titers, when compared to Madin–Darby canine kidney epithelial cells. These findings indicate the broad host spectrum of this virus isolate and suggest the potential for cross-species transmissibility.",

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author = "Sreenivasan, {Chithra C.} and Jandhyala, {Sunayana S.} and Sisi Luo and Hause, {Ben M.} and Milton Thomas and Knudsen, {David E.B.} and Pamela Leslie-Steen and Travis Clement and Reedy, {Stephanie E.} and Chambers, {Thomas M.} and Jane Christopher-Hennings and Eric Nelson and Dan Wang and Kaushik, {Radhey S.} and Feng Li",

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Sreenivasan, CC, Jandhyala, SS, Luo, S, Hause, BM, Thomas, M, Knudsen, DEB, Leslie-Steen, P, Clement, T, Reedy, SE, Chambers, TM, Christopher-Hennings, J, Nelson, E, Wang, D, Kaushik, RS & Li, F 2018, 'Phylogenetic analysis and characterization of a sporadic isolate of equine influenza a H3N8 from an unvaccinated horse in 2015', Viruses, vol. 10, no. 1, 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10010031

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T1 - Phylogenetic analysis and characterization of a sporadic isolate of equine influenza a H3N8 from an unvaccinated horse in 2015

AU - Sreenivasan, Chithra C.

AU - Jandhyala, Sunayana S.

AU - Luo, Sisi

AU - Hause, Ben M.

AU - Thomas, Milton

AU - Knudsen, David E.B.

AU - Leslie-Steen, Pamela

AU - Clement, Travis

AU - Reedy, Stephanie E.

AU - Chambers, Thomas M.

AU - Christopher-Hennings, Jane

AU - Nelson, Eric

AU - Wang, Dan

AU - Kaushik, Radhey S.

AU - Li, Feng

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AB - Equine influenza, caused by the H3N8 subtype, is a highly contagious respiratory disease affecting equid populations worldwide and has led to serious epidemics and transboundary pandemics. This study describes the phylogenetic characterization and replication kinetics of recently-isolated H3N8 virus from a nasal swab obtained from a sporadic case of natural infection in an unvaccinated horse from Montana, USA. The nasal swab tested positive for equine influenza by Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Further, the whole genome sequencing of the virus confirmed that it was the H3N8 subtype and was designated as A/equine/Montana/9564-1/2015 (H3N8). A BLASTn search revealed that the polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1), polymerase acidic (PA), hemagglutinin (HA), nucleoprotein (NP), and matrix (M) segments of thisH3N8 isolate shared the highest percentage identity toA/equine/Tennessee/29A/2014 (H3N8) and the polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2), neuraminidase (NA), and non-structural protein (NS) segments to A/equine/Malaysia/M201/2015 (H3N8). Phylogenetic characterization of individual gene segments, using currently available H3N8 viral genomes, of both equine and canine origin, further established that A/equine/Montana/9564-1/2015 belonged to the Florida Clade 1 viruses. Interestingly, replication kinetics of this H3N8 virus, using airway derived primary cells from multiple species, such as equine, swine, bovine, and human lung epithelial cells, demonstrated appreciable titers, when compared to Madin–Darby canine kidney epithelial cells. These findings indicate the broad host spectrum of this virus isolate and suggest the potential for cross-species transmissibility.

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Phylogenetic analysis and characterization of a sporadic isolate of equine influenza a H3N8 from an unvaccinated horse in 2015

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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