TY - JOUR
T1 - Piperideine-6-carboxylic acid regulates vitamin B6 homeostasis and modulates systemic immunity in plants
AU - Liu, Huazhen
AU - Iyer, Lakshminarayan M.
AU - Norris, Paul
AU - Liu, Ruiying
AU - Yu, Keshun
AU - Grant, Murray
AU - Aravind, L.
AU - Kachroo, Aardra
AU - Kachroo, Pradeep
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2025.
PY - 2025/2
Y1 - 2025/2
N2 - Dietary consumption of lysine in humans leads to the biosynthesis of Δ1-piperideine-6-carboxylic acid (P6C), with elevated levels linked to the neurological disorder epilepsy. Here we demonstrate that P6C biosynthesis is also a critical component of lysine catabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. P6C regulates vitamin B6 homeostasis, and increased P6C levels deplete B6 vitamers, resulting in compromised plant immunity. We further establish a key role for pyridoxal and pyridoxal-5-phosphate biosynthesis in plant immunity. Our analysis indicates that P6C metabolism probably evolved through combining select lysine and proline metabolic enzymes horizontally acquired from diverse bacterial sources at different points during evolution. More generally, certain enzymes from the lysine and proline metabolic pathways were probably recruited in evolution as potential guardians of B6 vitamers and for semialdehyde detoxification.
AB - Dietary consumption of lysine in humans leads to the biosynthesis of Δ1-piperideine-6-carboxylic acid (P6C), with elevated levels linked to the neurological disorder epilepsy. Here we demonstrate that P6C biosynthesis is also a critical component of lysine catabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. P6C regulates vitamin B6 homeostasis, and increased P6C levels deplete B6 vitamers, resulting in compromised plant immunity. We further establish a key role for pyridoxal and pyridoxal-5-phosphate biosynthesis in plant immunity. Our analysis indicates that P6C metabolism probably evolved through combining select lysine and proline metabolic enzymes horizontally acquired from diverse bacterial sources at different points during evolution. More generally, certain enzymes from the lysine and proline metabolic pathways were probably recruited in evolution as potential guardians of B6 vitamers and for semialdehyde detoxification.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85217790414&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85217790414&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41477-025-01906-0
DO - 10.1038/s41477-025-01906-0
M3 - Article
C2 - 39953358
AN - SCOPUS:85217790414
SN - 2055-026X
VL - 11
SP - 263
EP - 278
JO - Nature Plants
JF - Nature Plants
IS - 2
M1 - 3813
ER -