Prediction of Concrete Fragments Amount and Travel Distance under Impact Loading Using Deep Neural Network and Gradient Boosting Method

In the present study, the amount of fragments generated and their travel distances due to vehicle collision with concrete median barrier (CMB) was analyzed and predicted. In this regard, machine learning was applied to the results of numerical analysis, which were developed by com-paring with field test. The numerical model was developed using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). SPH is a mesh‐free method that can be used to predict the amount of fragments and their travel distances from concrete structures under impact loading. In addition, deep neural network (DNN) and gradient boosting machine (GBM) were also employed as machine learning methods. In this study, the results of DNN, GBM, and numerical analysis were then compared with the con-ducted field test. Such comparisons revealed that numerical analysis generated lower error than both DNN and GBM. When prediction results of both the amount of fragments and their travel distances were considered, the result of DNN showed smaller errors than that of GBM. Therefore, in studies where machine learning is used to predict the amount of fragments and their travel dis-tances, careful selection of an appropriate method from the various available machine learning methods such as DNN, GBM, and random forest is absolutely important.