Abstract
Biomass is a useful resource for maintaining carbon neutrality and sustainability. Ginkgo leaves, considered waste biomass, can be converted into high-value-added compounds through additional processes such as pyrolysis. This study produced activated carbon from ginkgo leaves through steam activation, and their pyrolysis characteristics were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Ginkgo leaves showed a higher heating value (HHV) of 19.69 MJ/kg and ash content of 11.67 wt%. Among the inorganic matters in ginkgo leaves, Ca was the main component, with 311,000 ppm. The differential thermogravimetric (DTG) profile from TGA was deconvoluted to separate into individual peaks of moisture, tannin, pectin material, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, cutin, and inorganic compounds. Using the Friedman isoconversional model, activation energies were calculated in the range of 66.71 and 361.21 kJ/mol. It was found that the activation energy increased with the conversion level. A yield of 33.95±0.27 wt% was obtained through the carbonization of ginkgo leaves at 500 °C for 2 h. The activated carbon (AC) produced under the activation condition at 700 °C for 1 h at a steam flow rate of 3.0 mL/g-char⋅h showed the highest methylene blue adsorption capacity of 111.63 mg/g and BET specific surface area of 503.05 m2/g. As a result of introducing various adsorption isotherms, it was confirmed that the adsorption step is dominated by physisorption. Among the three adsorption kinetic models, the experimental data correlated best with the Elovich model. Through the results of the pyrolysis characteristics of ginkgo leaves and the performance of produced AC, this study suggested the recyclability of ginkgo leaves treated as waste biomass.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 107097 |
Journal | Biomass and Bioenergy |
Volume | 182 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Mar 2024 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2024 Elsevier Ltd
Funding
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) ( RS-2023-00208645 ). This work was supported by Korea Environment Industry & Technology Institute(KEITI) through Center of plasma process for organic material recycling Project, funded by Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) ( 2022003650001 ).
Funders | Funder number |
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Ministry of Environment, Turkey | 2022003650001 |
Ministry of Environment, Turkey | |
Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning | RS-2023-00208645 |
Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning | |
Korea Environmental Industry and Technology Institute | |
National Research Foundation of Korea |
Keywords
- Activated carbon
- Adsorption
- Ginkgo biloba leaf
- Steam activation
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Forestry
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
- Agronomy and Crop Science
- Waste Management and Disposal