Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease and Rate of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Severe Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency COPD

Paul Ellis, Emily Bailey, Radmila Choate, Kristen E. Holm, Robert A. Sandhaus, Alice M. Turner, Michael Newnham

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Aim: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an autosomal co-dominant condition that predisposes individuals to early-onset emphysema. As with COPD, AATD-COPD is associated with pulmonary exacerbations, which impacts on overall mortality and quality of life. Though there is evidence that COPD is associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), it is unclear if this is true for patients with AATD-COPD. Methods: Prevalence of cardiovascular disease was determined in two separate severe AATD cohorts: AlphaNet, USA and the Birmingham AATD registry, UK. All patients had preexisting lung disease. Cardiovascular disease was defined as presence of any of the following: heart failure, ischaemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, stroke, and myocardial infarction. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the impact of prior cardiovascular disease and frequent exacerbator phenotype on risk of future MACE. Results: Out of 3493 patients with severe AATD, 14.7% had prior cardiovascular disease, including stroke (2.3%), myocardial infarction (2.2%), and heart failure (2.5%). Frequent exacerbators were more likely to have preexisting cardiovascular disease compared with those with one or no exacerbations in the preceding year (63% vs 44.8%, p = 0.001). There was increased risk of future MACE in frequent exacerbators (HR 1.85, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.75), former and current smokers (HR 1.80, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.02, p = 0.026, and HR 4.04, 95% CI 1.44 to 11.32, p = 0.008, respectively), and those with prior cardiovascular disease (HR 3.81, 95% CI 2.60 to 5.58, p < 0.001). Conclusion: In severe AATD-COPD, MACE are associated with an increased exacerbation frequency, previous cardiovascular disease, and a history of smoking.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)149-159
Number of pages11
JournalInternational Journal of COPD
Volume19
DOIs
StatePublished - 2024

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 Ellis et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited.

Keywords

  • AATD
  • COPD
  • alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
  • cardiovascular disease
  • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
  • Health Policy
  • Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

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