Protective effects of phenelzine administration on synaptic and non-synaptic cortical mitochondrial function and lipid peroxidation-mediated oxidative damage following TBI in young adult male rats

Rachel L. Hill, Indrapal N. Singh, Juan A. Wang, Jacqueline R. Kulbe, Edward D. Hall

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

5 Scopus citations

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in mitochondrial dysfunction and induction of lipid peroxidation (LP). Lipid peroxidation-derived neurotoxic aldehydes such as 4-HNE and acrolein bind to mitochondrial proteins, inducing additional oxidative damage and further exacerbating mitochondrial dysfunction and LP. Mitochondria are heterogeneous, consisting of both synaptic and non-synaptic populations, with synaptic mitochondria being more vulnerable to injury-dependent consequences. The goal of these studies was to explore the hypothesis that interrupting secondary oxidative damage following TBI using phenelzine (PZ), an aldehyde scavenger, would preferentially protect synaptic mitochondria against LP-mediated damage in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received a severe (2.2 mm) controlled cortical impact (CCI)-TBI. PZ (3–30 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously (subQ) at different times post-injury. We found PZ treatment preserves both synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondrial bioenergetics at 24 h and that this protection is partially maintained out to 72 h post-injury using various dosing regimens. The results from these studies indicate that the therapeutic window for the first dose of PZ is likely within the first hour after injury, and the window for administration of the second dose seems to fall between 12 and 24 h. Administration of PZ was able to significantly improve mitochondrial respiration compared to vehicle-treated animals across various states of respiration for both the non-synaptic and synaptic mitochondria. The synaptic mitochondria appear to respond more robustly to PZ treatment than the non-synaptic, and further experimentation will need to be done to further understand these effects in the context of TBI.

Original languageEnglish
Article number113322
JournalExperimental Neurology
Volume330
DOIs
StatePublished - Aug 2020

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We would like to thank the Applied Statistics Lab at the University of Kentucky for their consultation on the statistical analyses run on these data sets. Personnel and data referred to in this manuscript were supported by the NIH/NINDS grants: R01 NS083405 and R01 NS084857 .

Funding Information:
We would like to thank the Applied Statistics Lab at the University of Kentucky for their consultation on the statistical analyses run on these data sets. Personnel and data referred to in this manuscript were supported by the NIH/NINDS grants: R01 NS083405 and R01 NS084857.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier Inc.

Keywords

  • 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)
  • Acrolein
  • Lipid peroxidation
  • Non-synaptic mitochondria
  • Phenelzine
  • Synaptic mitochondria
  • Traumatic brain injury

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Neurology
  • Developmental Neuroscience

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