TY - JOUR
T1 - Protocol for optimal detection and exclusion of a patent foramen ovale using transthoracic echocardiography with agitated saline microbubbles
AU - Attaran, Robert R.
AU - Ata, Imran
AU - Kudithipudi, Vijayasree
AU - Foster, Laura
AU - Sorrell, Vincent L.
PY - 2006/8
Y1 - 2006/8
N2 - Agitated saline bubble studies in conjunction with echocardiography, in particular transesophageal echocardiography, are currently the principal means in the diagnosis of patent foramen ovale (PFO). We describe techniques and guidelines for the detection and exclusion of a PFO. The potential for misinterpretation of these bubble studies exists and therefore, several false positive and false negative scenarios are illustrated and discussed.
AB - Agitated saline bubble studies in conjunction with echocardiography, in particular transesophageal echocardiography, are currently the principal means in the diagnosis of patent foramen ovale (PFO). We describe techniques and guidelines for the detection and exclusion of a PFO. The potential for misinterpretation of these bubble studies exists and therefore, several false positive and false negative scenarios are illustrated and discussed.
KW - Agitated saline contrast
KW - Echocardiography
KW - Patent foramen ovale
KW - Valsalva
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33746572045&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=33746572045&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/j.1540-8175.2006.00272.x
DO - 10.1111/j.1540-8175.2006.00272.x
M3 - Article
C2 - 16911341
AN - SCOPUS:33746572045
SN - 0742-2822
VL - 23
SP - 616
EP - 622
JO - Echocardiography
JF - Echocardiography
IS - 7
ER -