Quantum-size-tuned heterostructures enable efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells

Hao Chen; Sam Teale; Bin Chen; Yi Hou; Luke Grater; Tong Zhu; Koen Bertens; So Min Park; Harindi R. Atapattu; Yajun Gao; Mingyang Wei; Andrew K. Johnston; Qilin Zhou; Kaimin Xu; Danni Yu; Congcong Han; Teng Cui; Eui Hyuk Jung; Chun Zhou; Wenjia Zhou; Andrew H. Proppe; Sjoerd Hoogland; Frédéric Laquai; Tobin Filleter; Kenneth R. Graham; Zhijun Ning; Edward H. Sargent

doi:10.1038/s41566-022-00985-1

Quantum-size-tuned heterostructures enable efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells

Hao Chen, Sam Teale, Bin Chen, Yi Hou, Luke Grater, Tong Zhu, Koen Bertens, So Min Park, Harindi R. Atapattu, Yajun Gao, Mingyang Wei, Andrew K. Johnston, Qilin Zhou, Kaimin Xu, Danni Yu, Congcong Han, Teng Cui, Eui Hyuk Jung, Chun Zhou, Wenjia ZhouAndrew H. Proppe, Sjoerd Hoogland, Frédéric Laquai, Tobin Filleter, Kenneth R. Graham, Zhijun Ning, Edward H. Sargent

Chemistry

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

71 Scopus citations

Abstract

The energy landscape of reduced-dimensional perovskites (RDPs) can be tailored by adjusting their layer width (n). Recently, two/three-dimensional (2D/3D) heterostructures containing n = 1 and 2 RDPs have produced perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with >25% power conversion efficiency (PCE). Unfortunately, this method does not translate to inverted PSCs due to electron blocking at the 2D/3D interface. Here we report a method to increase the layer width of RDPs in 2D/3D heterostructures to address this problem. We discover that bulkier organics form 2D heterostructures more slowly, resulting in wider RDPs; and that small modifications to ligand design induce preferential growth of n ≥ 3 RDPs. Leveraging these insights, we developed efficient inverted PSCs (with a certified quasi-steady-state PCE of 23.91%). Unencapsulated devices operate at room temperature and around 50% relative humidity for over 1,000 h without loss of PCE; and, when subjected to ISOS-L3 accelerated ageing, encapsulated devices retain 92% of initial PCE after 500 h.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	352-358
Number of pages	7
Journal	Nature Photonics
Volume	16
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-022-00985-1
State	Published - May 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This research was made possible by the US Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research Grant (N00014-20-1-2572). This work was supported in part by the Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence program (ORF7-Ministry of Research and Innovation, Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence Round 7). We appreciate the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (beamline 14B and 16B) and X. Gao and Z. Su for their help with GIWAXS characterization. Z.N. is grateful for support by the National Key Research Program (2021YFA0715502, 2016YFA0204000) and the National Science Fund of China (61935016). S.M.P., H.R.A. and K.R.G. acknowledge the US Department of Energy under Grant DE-SC0018208 for supporting the UPS and IPES measurements. T.F. and T.C. acknowledge the Canadian Foundation for Innovation and the Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC) for KPFM measurements. F.L and Y.G. were funded by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Office of Sponsored Research (OSR) under Award No: OSR-CARF/CCF-3079 and OSR-2018-CRG7-3737.

Funding Information:
This research was made possible by the US Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research Grant (N00014-20-1-2572). This work was supported in part by the Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence program (ORF7-Ministry of Research and Innovation, Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence Round 7). We appreciate the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (beamline 14B and 16B) and X. Gao and Z. Su for their help with GIWAXS characterization. Z.N. is grateful for support by the National Key Research Program (2021YFA0715502, 2016YFA0204000) and the National Science Fund of China (61935016). S.M.P., H.R.A. and K.R.G. acknowledge the US Department of Energy under Grant DE-SC0018208 for supporting the UPS and IPES measurements. T.F. and T.C. acknowledge the Canadian Foundation for Innovation and the Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC) for KPFM measurements. F.L and Y.G. were funded by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Office of Sponsored Research (OSR) under Award No: OSR-CARF/CCF-3079 and OSR-2018-CRG7-3737.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

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10.1038/s41566-022-00985-1

Cite this

Chen, H., Teale, S., Chen, B., Hou, Y., Grater, L., Zhu, T., Bertens, K., Park, S. M., Atapattu, H. R., Gao, Y., Wei, M., Johnston, A. K., Zhou, Q., Xu, K., Yu, D., Han, C., Cui, T., Jung, E. H., Zhou, C., ... Sargent, E. H. (2022). Quantum-size-tuned heterostructures enable efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells. Nature Photonics, 16(5), 352-358. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-022-00985-1

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title = "Quantum-size-tuned heterostructures enable efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells",

abstract = "The energy landscape of reduced-dimensional perovskites (RDPs) can be tailored by adjusting their layer width (n). Recently, two/three-dimensional (2D/3D) heterostructures containing n = 1 and 2 RDPs have produced perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with >25% power conversion efficiency (PCE). Unfortunately, this method does not translate to inverted PSCs due to electron blocking at the 2D/3D interface. Here we report a method to increase the layer width of RDPs in 2D/3D heterostructures to address this problem. We discover that bulkier organics form 2D heterostructures more slowly, resulting in wider RDPs; and that small modifications to ligand design induce preferential growth of n ≥ 3 RDPs. Leveraging these insights, we developed efficient inverted PSCs (with a certified quasi-steady-state PCE of 23.91%). Unencapsulated devices operate at room temperature and around 50% relative humidity for over 1,000 h without loss of PCE; and, when subjected to ISOS-L3 accelerated ageing, encapsulated devices retain 92% of initial PCE after 500 h.",

author = "Hao Chen and Sam Teale and Bin Chen and Yi Hou and Luke Grater and Tong Zhu and Koen Bertens and Park, {So Min} and Atapattu, {Harindi R.} and Yajun Gao and Mingyang Wei and Johnston, {Andrew K.} and Qilin Zhou and Kaimin Xu and Danni Yu and Congcong Han and Teng Cui and Jung, {Eui Hyuk} and Chun Zhou and Wenjia Zhou and Proppe, {Andrew H.} and Sjoerd Hoogland and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Laquai and Tobin Filleter and Graham, {Kenneth R.} and Zhijun Ning and Sargent, {Edward H.}",

note = "Funding Information: This research was made possible by the US Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research Grant (N00014-20-1-2572). This work was supported in part by the Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence program (ORF7-Ministry of Research and Innovation, Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence Round 7). We appreciate the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (beamline 14B and 16B) and X. Gao and Z. Su for their help with GIWAXS characterization. Z.N. is grateful for support by the National Key Research Program (2021YFA0715502, 2016YFA0204000) and the National Science Fund of China (61935016). S.M.P., H.R.A. and K.R.G. acknowledge the US Department of Energy under Grant DE-SC0018208 for supporting the UPS and IPES measurements. T.F. and T.C. acknowledge the Canadian Foundation for Innovation and the Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC) for KPFM measurements. F.L and Y.G. were funded by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Office of Sponsored Research (OSR) under Award No: OSR-CARF/CCF-3079 and OSR-2018-CRG7-3737. Funding Information: This research was made possible by the US Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research Grant (N00014-20-1-2572). This work was supported in part by the Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence program (ORF7-Ministry of Research and Innovation, Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence Round 7). We appreciate the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (beamline 14B and 16B) and X. Gao and Z. Su for their help with GIWAXS characterization. Z.N. is grateful for support by the National Key Research Program (2021YFA0715502, 2016YFA0204000) and the National Science Fund of China (61935016). S.M.P., H.R.A. and K.R.G. acknowledge the US Department of Energy under Grant DE-SC0018208 for supporting the UPS and IPES measurements. T.F. and T.C. acknowledge the Canadian Foundation for Innovation and the Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC) for KPFM measurements. F.L and Y.G. were funded by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Office of Sponsored Research (OSR) under Award No: OSR-CARF/CCF-3079 and OSR-2018-CRG7-3737. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.",

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doi = "10.1038/s41566-022-00985-1",

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Chen, H, Teale, S, Chen, B, Hou, Y, Grater, L, Zhu, T, Bertens, K, Park, SM, Atapattu, HR, Gao, Y, Wei, M, Johnston, AK, Zhou, Q, Xu, K, Yu, D, Han, C, Cui, T, Jung, EH, Zhou, C, Zhou, W, Proppe, AH, Hoogland, S, Laquai, F, Filleter, T, Graham, KR, Ning, Z & Sargent, EH 2022, 'Quantum-size-tuned heterostructures enable efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells', Nature Photonics, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 352-358. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-022-00985-1

TY - JOUR

T1 - Quantum-size-tuned heterostructures enable efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells

AU - Chen, Hao

AU - Teale, Sam

AU - Chen, Bin

AU - Hou, Yi

AU - Grater, Luke

AU - Zhu, Tong

AU - Bertens, Koen

AU - Park, So Min

AU - Atapattu, Harindi R.

AU - Gao, Yajun

AU - Wei, Mingyang

AU - Johnston, Andrew K.

AU - Zhou, Qilin

AU - Xu, Kaimin

AU - Yu, Danni

AU - Han, Congcong

AU - Cui, Teng

AU - Jung, Eui Hyuk

AU - Zhou, Chun

AU - Zhou, Wenjia

AU - Proppe, Andrew H.

AU - Hoogland, Sjoerd

AU - Laquai, Frédéric

AU - Filleter, Tobin

AU - Graham, Kenneth R.

AU - Ning, Zhijun

AU - Sargent, Edward H.

N1 - Funding Information: This research was made possible by the US Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research Grant (N00014-20-1-2572). This work was supported in part by the Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence program (ORF7-Ministry of Research and Innovation, Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence Round 7). We appreciate the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (beamline 14B and 16B) and X. Gao and Z. Su for their help with GIWAXS characterization. Z.N. is grateful for support by the National Key Research Program (2021YFA0715502, 2016YFA0204000) and the National Science Fund of China (61935016). S.M.P., H.R.A. and K.R.G. acknowledge the US Department of Energy under Grant DE-SC0018208 for supporting the UPS and IPES measurements. T.F. and T.C. acknowledge the Canadian Foundation for Innovation and the Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC) for KPFM measurements. F.L and Y.G. were funded by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Office of Sponsored Research (OSR) under Award No: OSR-CARF/CCF-3079 and OSR-2018-CRG7-3737. Funding Information: This research was made possible by the US Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research Grant (N00014-20-1-2572). This work was supported in part by the Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence program (ORF7-Ministry of Research and Innovation, Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence Round 7). We appreciate the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (beamline 14B and 16B) and X. Gao and Z. Su for their help with GIWAXS characterization. Z.N. is grateful for support by the National Key Research Program (2021YFA0715502, 2016YFA0204000) and the National Science Fund of China (61935016). S.M.P., H.R.A. and K.R.G. acknowledge the US Department of Energy under Grant DE-SC0018208 for supporting the UPS and IPES measurements. T.F. and T.C. acknowledge the Canadian Foundation for Innovation and the Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC) for KPFM measurements. F.L and Y.G. were funded by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Office of Sponsored Research (OSR) under Award No: OSR-CARF/CCF-3079 and OSR-2018-CRG7-3737. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

PY - 2022/5

Y1 - 2022/5

N2 - The energy landscape of reduced-dimensional perovskites (RDPs) can be tailored by adjusting their layer width (n). Recently, two/three-dimensional (2D/3D) heterostructures containing n = 1 and 2 RDPs have produced perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with >25% power conversion efficiency (PCE). Unfortunately, this method does not translate to inverted PSCs due to electron blocking at the 2D/3D interface. Here we report a method to increase the layer width of RDPs in 2D/3D heterostructures to address this problem. We discover that bulkier organics form 2D heterostructures more slowly, resulting in wider RDPs; and that small modifications to ligand design induce preferential growth of n ≥ 3 RDPs. Leveraging these insights, we developed efficient inverted PSCs (with a certified quasi-steady-state PCE of 23.91%). Unencapsulated devices operate at room temperature and around 50% relative humidity for over 1,000 h without loss of PCE; and, when subjected to ISOS-L3 accelerated ageing, encapsulated devices retain 92% of initial PCE after 500 h.

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Quantum-size-tuned heterostructures enable efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells

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