TY - JOUR
T1 - Race- and sex-associated differences in rate-adjusted QT, QTpeak, ST elevation and other regional measures of repolarization
T2 - The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
AU - Rautaharju, Pentti M.
AU - Zhang, Zhu Ming
AU - Haisty, Wesley K.
AU - Gregg, Richard E.
AU - Warren, James
AU - Horaĉek, Milan B.
AU - Kucharska-Newton, Anna M.
AU - Rosamond, Wayne
AU - Soliman, Elsayed Z.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute contracts ( HHSN268201100005C , HHSN268201100006C , HHSN268201100007C , HHSN268201100008C , HHSN268201100009C , HHSN268201100010C , HHSN268201100011C , and HHSN268201100012C ).
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - Background Data are limited about race-and sex-associated differences in prognostically important ECG measures of regional repolarization. Methods and results The normal reference group from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study included 8,676 white and African-American men and women aged 40-65 years. Exclusion criteria included cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes and major ECG abnormalities. Notable sex differences (p < 0.001) were observed in the upper 98% limits for rate-adjusted QTend (QTea) which was 435 ms in white and African-American men and 445 ms in white and African-American women, and for left ventricular epicardial repolarization time (RTepi) which was 345 ms in white and African-American men and 465 ms in white and African-American women. These sex differences reflect earlier onset and end of repolarization in men than in women. Upper normal limits for STJ amplitude in V2-V3 were 100 μV in white and African-American women, 150 μV in white men and 200 μV in African-American men (p < 0.001 for sex differences), and for other chest leads, aVL and aVF 50 μV in white women, 100 μV in African-American women, 100 μV in white men and 150 μV in African-American men (p < 0.001 for sex and race differences). Conclusions Shorter QTea and RTepi in men than in women reflect earlier onset and end of repolarization in men. STJ amplitudes in African-American men were higher than in other subgroups by race and sex. These sex and race differences need to be considered in clinical and epidemiological applications of normal standards.
AB - Background Data are limited about race-and sex-associated differences in prognostically important ECG measures of regional repolarization. Methods and results The normal reference group from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study included 8,676 white and African-American men and women aged 40-65 years. Exclusion criteria included cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes and major ECG abnormalities. Notable sex differences (p < 0.001) were observed in the upper 98% limits for rate-adjusted QTend (QTea) which was 435 ms in white and African-American men and 445 ms in white and African-American women, and for left ventricular epicardial repolarization time (RTepi) which was 345 ms in white and African-American men and 465 ms in white and African-American women. These sex differences reflect earlier onset and end of repolarization in men than in women. Upper normal limits for STJ amplitude in V2-V3 were 100 μV in white and African-American women, 150 μV in white men and 200 μV in African-American men (p < 0.001 for sex differences), and for other chest leads, aVL and aVF 50 μV in white women, 100 μV in African-American women, 100 μV in white men and 150 μV in African-American men (p < 0.001 for sex and race differences). Conclusions Shorter QTea and RTepi in men than in women reflect earlier onset and end of repolarization in men. STJ amplitudes in African-American men were higher than in other subgroups by race and sex. These sex and race differences need to be considered in clinical and epidemiological applications of normal standards.
KW - Electrocardiogram
KW - QT
KW - Race
KW - ST-T wave
KW - Sex
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2014.01.012
DO - 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2014.01.012
M3 - Article
C2 - 24607066
AN - SCOPUS:84899982467
SN - 0022-0736
VL - 47
SP - 342
EP - 350
JO - Journal of Electrocardiology
JF - Journal of Electrocardiology
IS - 3
ER -