TY - JOUR
T1 - Regional analysis of planting date and cultivar maturity recommendations that improve soybean oil yield and meal protein concentration
AU - Salmerón, Montserrat
AU - Bourland, Fred M.
AU - Buehring, Normie W.
AU - Earnest, Larry
AU - Fritschi, Felix B.
AU - Gbur, Edward E.
AU - Golden, Bobby R.
AU - Hathcoat, Daniel
AU - Lofton, Josh
AU - McClure, Angela Thompson
AU - Miller, Travis D.
AU - Neely, Clark
AU - Shannon, Grover
AU - Udeigwe, Theophilus K.
AU - Verbree, David A.
AU - Vories, Earl D.
AU - Wiebold, William J.
AU - Purcell, Larry C.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 Salmerón, Bourland, Buehring, Earnest, Fritschi, Gbur, Golden, Hathcoat, Lofton, McClure, Miller, Neely, Shannon, Udeigwe, Verbree, Vories, Wiebold and Purcell.
PY - 2022/10/17
Y1 - 2022/10/17
N2 - Planting date and cultivar maturity group (MG) are major management factors affecting soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield, but their effect on seed oil and protein concentration, and in particular meal protein concentration, is less understood. We quantified changes in seed oil and protein, and estimated meal protein concentration, and total oil and protein yield in response to planting date and cultivar MG ranging from 3 to 6 and across locations comprising a 8.3° range in latitude in the U.S. Midsouth. Our results show that delayed planting date and later cultivar maturity reduced oil concentration, and this was partially associated with a decrease in temperature during the seed fill phase. Thus, optimum cultivar MG recommendations to maximize total oil yield (in kg ha–1) for planting dates in May and June required relatively earlier cultivar MGs than those recommended to maximize seed yield. For planting dates in April, short-season MG 3 cultivars did not increase oil yield compared to full-season MG 4 or 5 cultivars due to a quadratic yield response to planting date at most locations. Planting date and cultivar maturity effects on seed protein concentration were not always consistent with the effects on estimated meal protein concentration after oil extraction. Meal protein concentration decreased with lower temperatures during seed fill, and when the start of seed fill occurred after August 15, but relatively short-season cultivar MGs reduced the risk of low meal protein concentration. Meal protein concentration is a trait of interest for the feed industry that would be beneficial to report in future studies evaluating genetic, management, and environmental effects on seed protein concentration.
AB - Planting date and cultivar maturity group (MG) are major management factors affecting soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield, but their effect on seed oil and protein concentration, and in particular meal protein concentration, is less understood. We quantified changes in seed oil and protein, and estimated meal protein concentration, and total oil and protein yield in response to planting date and cultivar MG ranging from 3 to 6 and across locations comprising a 8.3° range in latitude in the U.S. Midsouth. Our results show that delayed planting date and later cultivar maturity reduced oil concentration, and this was partially associated with a decrease in temperature during the seed fill phase. Thus, optimum cultivar MG recommendations to maximize total oil yield (in kg ha–1) for planting dates in May and June required relatively earlier cultivar MGs than those recommended to maximize seed yield. For planting dates in April, short-season MG 3 cultivars did not increase oil yield compared to full-season MG 4 or 5 cultivars due to a quadratic yield response to planting date at most locations. Planting date and cultivar maturity effects on seed protein concentration were not always consistent with the effects on estimated meal protein concentration after oil extraction. Meal protein concentration decreased with lower temperatures during seed fill, and when the start of seed fill occurred after August 15, but relatively short-season cultivar MGs reduced the risk of low meal protein concentration. Meal protein concentration is a trait of interest for the feed industry that would be beneficial to report in future studies evaluating genetic, management, and environmental effects on seed protein concentration.
KW - U.S. Midsouth
KW - cultivar maturity group
KW - planting date
KW - seed quality
KW - soybean meal
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85140985048&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85140985048&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fpls.2022.954111
DO - 10.3389/fpls.2022.954111
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85140985048
SN - 1664-462X
VL - 13
JO - Frontiers in Plant Science
JF - Frontiers in Plant Science
M1 - 954111
ER -