Abstract
Aims: To evaluate relationships of hypoglycemia awareness, hypoglycemia beliefs, and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) glycemic profiles with anxiety and depression symptoms in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who use CGM. Methods: A cross-sectional survey and data collections were completed with 196 T1D adults who used CGM (59% also used automated insulin delivery devices (AIDs)). We assessed hypoglycemia awareness (Gold instrument), hypoglycemia beliefs (Attitudes to Awareness of Hypoglycemia instrument), CGM glycemic profiles, demographics, and anxiety and depression symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Analysis included simple and multiple linear regression analyses. Results: Lower hypoglycemia awareness, weaker “hypoglycemia concerns minimized” beliefs, stronger “hyperglycemia avoidance prioritized” beliefs were independently associated with higher anxiety symptoms (P < 0.05), with similar trends in both subgroups using and not using AIDs. Lower hypoglycemia awareness were independently associated with greater depression symptoms (P < 0.05). In participants not using AIDs, more time in hypoglycemia was related to less anxiety and depression symptoms (P < 0.05). Being female and younger were independently associated with higher anxiety symptoms, while being younger was also independently associated with greater depression symptoms (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings revealed relationships of impaired hypoglycemia awareness, hypoglycemia beliefs, CGM-detected hypoglycemia with anxiety and depression symptoms in T1D adults who use CGMs.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 111596 |
Journal | Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice |
Volume | 209 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Mar 2024 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Funding
This work was supported by the Michigan Center for Clinical and Translational Research Pilot and Feasibility Grant ( P30DK092926 , 2020), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases ( K23DK129724 , 2021) and University of Michigan Caswell Diabetes Institute (Clinical and Translational Research Scholars Program, 2021).
Funders | Funder number |
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University of Michigan Caswell Diabetes Institute | |
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases | K23DK129724 |
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases |
Keywords
- Anxiety
- Continuous glucose monitoring
- Depression
- Hypoglycemia
- Type 1 diabetes
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Internal Medicine
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
- Endocrinology