Reliability and Validity of a Pool-Based Maximal Oxygen Uptake Test to Examine High-Intensity Short-Duration Freestyle Swimming Performance

Elizabeth F. Nagle; Takashi Nagai; Anne Z. Beethe; Mita T. Lovalekar; Jacquelyn N. Zera; Christopher Connaboy; John P. Abt; Kimberly Beals; Bradley C. Nindl; Robert J. Robertson; Scott M. Lephart

doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003113

Reliability and Validity of a Pool-Based Maximal Oxygen Uptake Test to Examine High-Intensity Short-Duration Freestyle Swimming Performance

Elizabeth F. Nagle, Takashi Nagai, Anne Z. Beethe, Mita T. Lovalekar, Jacquelyn N. Zera, Christopher Connaboy, John P. Abt, Kimberly Beals, Bradley C. Nindl, Robert J. Robertson, Scott M. Lephart

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

Nagle, EF, Nagai, T, Beethe, AZ, Lovalekar, MT, Zera, JN, Connaboy, C, Abt, JP, Beals, K, Nindl, BC, Robertson, RJ, and Lephart, SM. Reliability and validity of a pool-based maximal oxygen uptake test to examine high-intensity short-duration freestyle swimming performance. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1208-1215, 2019-A modality-specific swimming protocol to assess maximal oxygen uptake (Vo²max^sw) is essential to accurately prescribe and monitor swimming conditioning programs. Consequently, there is a need for a reliable and valid graded intensity swimming pool test to accurately assess Vo²max^sw using indirect calorimetry. The purpose of this study was to assess (a) reliability of an intensity self-regulated swimming pool test of Vo²max^sw and (b) validity of a Vo²max^sw test using performance swim (PS) time as the criterion. Twenty-nine men (n = 15) and women (n = 14) (age, 23 ± 6.4 years; body mass index, 23.5 ± 3.0 kg·m^-2) performed 2 swimming pool Vo²max^sw trials (Vo²max^sw A and Vo²max^sw B), and 2 PS tests (45.7 m [31.20 ± 4.5 seconds] and 182 m [159.2 ± 25.5 seconds]). For test-retest reliability (trials A vs. B), strong correlations (p < 0.05) were found for Vo²max^sw (ml·kg^-1·min^-1) (r = 0.899), O² pulse (ml O²·beat^-1) (r = 0.833), and maximum expired ventilatory volume (L·min^-1) (r = 0.785). For performance validity, moderately strong correlations (p < 0.05) were found between Vo²max^sw A and 45.7-m (r =-0.543) and 182-m (r =-0.486) swim times. The self-regulated graded intensity swimming pool protocol examined presently is a reliable and valid test of Vo²max^sw. Studies should consider the suitability of a Vo²max^sw test for military personnel, clinical populations, and injured athletes.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1208-1215
Number of pages	8
Journal	Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
Volume	33
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003113
State	Published - 2019

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge Dennis Dever, MS, and Mary Cristafio, MS, for their assistance with the study. In addition, the authors acknowledge the University of Pittsburgh Facilities Management team as well as Heather Bansbach, PhD, for their design and innovation of the pool pulley system. Correspondence may be addressed to: Elizabeth F. Nagle, PhD. 140 Trees Hall Pittsburgh PA 15261; (412) 648–8268 (phone); (412) 638–7092 (Fax); nagle@pitt.edu. This study was funded by the Office of Naval Research: N00014-14-1-0022/N00014-15-0069. The results of this study do not constitute endorsement of the product by the authors of the National Strength and Conditioning Association. Supported by ONR: N00014-14-1-0022/N00014-15-0069

Keywords

competitive swimmers
maximal aerobic power
self-regulating intensity

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation

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Nagle, E. F., Nagai, T., Beethe, A. Z., Lovalekar, M. T., Zera, J. N., Connaboy, C., Abt, J. P., Beals, K., Nindl, B. C., Robertson, R. J., & Lephart, S. M. (2019). Reliability and Validity of a Pool-Based Maximal Oxygen Uptake Test to Examine High-Intensity Short-Duration Freestyle Swimming Performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(5), 1208-1215. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003113

@article{c060d02a0aec4800855c1987fc2be05d,

title = "Reliability and Validity of a Pool-Based Maximal Oxygen Uptake Test to Examine High-Intensity Short-Duration Freestyle Swimming Performance",

abstract = "Nagle, EF, Nagai, T, Beethe, AZ, Lovalekar, MT, Zera, JN, Connaboy, C, Abt, JP, Beals, K, Nindl, BC, Robertson, RJ, and Lephart, SM. Reliability and validity of a pool-based maximal oxygen uptake test to examine high-intensity short-duration freestyle swimming performance. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1208-1215, 2019-A modality-specific swimming protocol to assess maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2maxsw) is essential to accurately prescribe and monitor swimming conditioning programs. Consequently, there is a need for a reliable and valid graded intensity swimming pool test to accurately assess Vo2maxsw using indirect calorimetry. The purpose of this study was to assess (a) reliability of an intensity self-regulated swimming pool test of Vo2maxsw and (b) validity of a Vo2maxsw test using performance swim (PS) time as the criterion. Twenty-nine men (n = 15) and women (n = 14) (age, 23 ± 6.4 years; body mass index, 23.5 ± 3.0 kg·m-2) performed 2 swimming pool Vo2maxsw trials (Vo2maxsw A and Vo2maxsw B), and 2 PS tests (45.7 m [31.20 ± 4.5 seconds] and 182 m [159.2 ± 25.5 seconds]). For test-retest reliability (trials A vs. B), strong correlations (p < 0.05) were found for Vo2maxsw (ml·kg-1·min-1) (r = 0.899), O2 pulse (ml O2·beat-1) (r = 0.833), and maximum expired ventilatory volume (L·min-1) (r = 0.785). For performance validity, moderately strong correlations (p < 0.05) were found between Vo2maxsw A and 45.7-m (r =-0.543) and 182-m (r =-0.486) swim times. The self-regulated graded intensity swimming pool protocol examined presently is a reliable and valid test of Vo2maxsw. Studies should consider the suitability of a Vo2maxsw test for military personnel, clinical populations, and injured athletes.",

keywords = "competitive swimmers, maximal aerobic power, self-regulating intensity",

author = "Nagle, {Elizabeth F.} and Takashi Nagai and Beethe, {Anne Z.} and Lovalekar, {Mita T.} and Zera, {Jacquelyn N.} and Christopher Connaboy and Abt, {John P.} and Kimberly Beals and Nindl, {Bradley C.} and Robertson, {Robert J.} and Lephart, {Scott M.}",

year = "2019",

doi = "10.1519/JSC.0000000000003113",

language = "English",

volume = "33",

pages = "1208--1215",

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Nagle, EF, Nagai, T, Beethe, AZ, Lovalekar, MT, Zera, JN, Connaboy, C, Abt, JP, Beals, K, Nindl, BC, Robertson, RJ & Lephart, SM 2019, 'Reliability and Validity of a Pool-Based Maximal Oxygen Uptake Test to Examine High-Intensity Short-Duration Freestyle Swimming Performance', Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 1208-1215. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003113

TY - JOUR

T1 - Reliability and Validity of a Pool-Based Maximal Oxygen Uptake Test to Examine High-Intensity Short-Duration Freestyle Swimming Performance

AU - Nagle, Elizabeth F.

AU - Nagai, Takashi

AU - Beethe, Anne Z.

AU - Lovalekar, Mita T.

AU - Zera, Jacquelyn N.

AU - Connaboy, Christopher

AU - Abt, John P.

AU - Beals, Kimberly

AU - Nindl, Bradley C.

AU - Robertson, Robert J.

AU - Lephart, Scott M.

PY - 2019

Y1 - 2019

N2 - Nagle, EF, Nagai, T, Beethe, AZ, Lovalekar, MT, Zera, JN, Connaboy, C, Abt, JP, Beals, K, Nindl, BC, Robertson, RJ, and Lephart, SM. Reliability and validity of a pool-based maximal oxygen uptake test to examine high-intensity short-duration freestyle swimming performance. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1208-1215, 2019-A modality-specific swimming protocol to assess maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2maxsw) is essential to accurately prescribe and monitor swimming conditioning programs. Consequently, there is a need for a reliable and valid graded intensity swimming pool test to accurately assess Vo2maxsw using indirect calorimetry. The purpose of this study was to assess (a) reliability of an intensity self-regulated swimming pool test of Vo2maxsw and (b) validity of a Vo2maxsw test using performance swim (PS) time as the criterion. Twenty-nine men (n = 15) and women (n = 14) (age, 23 ± 6.4 years; body mass index, 23.5 ± 3.0 kg·m-2) performed 2 swimming pool Vo2maxsw trials (Vo2maxsw A and Vo2maxsw B), and 2 PS tests (45.7 m [31.20 ± 4.5 seconds] and 182 m [159.2 ± 25.5 seconds]). For test-retest reliability (trials A vs. B), strong correlations (p < 0.05) were found for Vo2maxsw (ml·kg-1·min-1) (r = 0.899), O2 pulse (ml O2·beat-1) (r = 0.833), and maximum expired ventilatory volume (L·min-1) (r = 0.785). For performance validity, moderately strong correlations (p < 0.05) were found between Vo2maxsw A and 45.7-m (r =-0.543) and 182-m (r =-0.486) swim times. The self-regulated graded intensity swimming pool protocol examined presently is a reliable and valid test of Vo2maxsw. Studies should consider the suitability of a Vo2maxsw test for military personnel, clinical populations, and injured athletes.

AB - Nagle, EF, Nagai, T, Beethe, AZ, Lovalekar, MT, Zera, JN, Connaboy, C, Abt, JP, Beals, K, Nindl, BC, Robertson, RJ, and Lephart, SM. Reliability and validity of a pool-based maximal oxygen uptake test to examine high-intensity short-duration freestyle swimming performance. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1208-1215, 2019-A modality-specific swimming protocol to assess maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2maxsw) is essential to accurately prescribe and monitor swimming conditioning programs. Consequently, there is a need for a reliable and valid graded intensity swimming pool test to accurately assess Vo2maxsw using indirect calorimetry. The purpose of this study was to assess (a) reliability of an intensity self-regulated swimming pool test of Vo2maxsw and (b) validity of a Vo2maxsw test using performance swim (PS) time as the criterion. Twenty-nine men (n = 15) and women (n = 14) (age, 23 ± 6.4 years; body mass index, 23.5 ± 3.0 kg·m-2) performed 2 swimming pool Vo2maxsw trials (Vo2maxsw A and Vo2maxsw B), and 2 PS tests (45.7 m [31.20 ± 4.5 seconds] and 182 m [159.2 ± 25.5 seconds]). For test-retest reliability (trials A vs. B), strong correlations (p < 0.05) were found for Vo2maxsw (ml·kg-1·min-1) (r = 0.899), O2 pulse (ml O2·beat-1) (r = 0.833), and maximum expired ventilatory volume (L·min-1) (r = 0.785). For performance validity, moderately strong correlations (p < 0.05) were found between Vo2maxsw A and 45.7-m (r =-0.543) and 182-m (r =-0.486) swim times. The self-regulated graded intensity swimming pool protocol examined presently is a reliable and valid test of Vo2maxsw. Studies should consider the suitability of a Vo2maxsw test for military personnel, clinical populations, and injured athletes.

KW - competitive swimmers

KW - maximal aerobic power

KW - self-regulating intensity

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Reliability and Validity of a Pool-Based Maximal Oxygen Uptake Test to Examine High-Intensity Short-Duration Freestyle Swimming Performance

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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