RELICS: Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey

Dan Coe; Brett Salmon; Maruša Bradač; Larry D. Bradley; Keren Sharon; Adi Zitrin; Ana Acebron; Catherine Cerny; Nathália Cibirka; Victoria Strait; Rachel Paterno-Mahler; Guillaume Mahler; Roberto J. Avila; Sara Ogaz; Kuang Han Huang; Debora Pelliccia; Daniel P. Stark; Ramesh Mainali; Pascal A. Oesch; Michele Trenti; Daniela Carrasco; William A. Dawson; Steven A. Rodney; Louis Gregory Strolger; Adam G. Riess; Christine Jones; Brenda L. Frye; Nicole G. Czakon; Keiichi Umetsu; Benedetta Vulcani; Or Graur; Saurabh W. Jha; Melissa L. Graham; Alberto Molino; Mario Nonino; Jens Hjorth; Jonatan Selsing; Lise Christensen; Shotaro Kikuchihara; Masami Ouchi; Masamune Oguri; Brian Welch; Brian C. Lemaux; Felipe Andrade-Santos; Austin T. Hoag; Traci L. Johnson; Avery Peterson; Matthew Past; Carter Fox; Irene Agulli; Rachael Livermore; Russell E. Ryan; Daniel Lam; Irene Sendra-Server; Sune Toft; Lorenzo Lovisari; Yuanyuan Su

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab412b

RELICS: Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey

Dan Coe, Brett Salmon, Maruša Bradač, Larry D. Bradley, Keren Sharon, Adi Zitrin, Ana Acebron, Catherine Cerny, Nathália Cibirka, Victoria Strait, Rachel Paterno-Mahler, Guillaume Mahler, Roberto J. Avila, Sara Ogaz, Kuang Han Huang, Debora Pelliccia, Daniel P. Stark, Ramesh Mainali, Pascal A. Oesch, Michele TrentiDaniela Carrasco, William A. Dawson, Steven A. Rodney, Louis Gregory Strolger, Adam G. Riess, Christine Jones, Brenda L. Frye, Nicole G. Czakon, Keiichi Umetsu, Benedetta Vulcani, Or Graur, Saurabh W. Jha, Melissa L. Graham, Alberto Molino, Mario Nonino, Jens Hjorth, Jonatan Selsing, Lise Christensen, Shotaro Kikuchihara, Masami Ouchi, Masamune Oguri, Brian Welch, Brian C. Lemaux, Felipe Andrade-Santos, Austin T. Hoag, Traci L. Johnson, Avery Peterson, Matthew Past, Carter Fox, Irene Agulli, Rachael Livermore, Russell E. Ryan, Daniel Lam, Irene Sendra-Server, Sune Toft, Lorenzo Lovisari, Yuanyuan Su

Physics And Astronomy

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

88 Citations (SciVal)

Abstract

Large surveys of galaxy clusters with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Spitzer, including the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble and the Frontier Fields, have demonstrated the power of strong gravitational lensing to efficiently deliver large samples of high-redshift galaxies. We extend this strategy through a wider, shallower survey named RELICS, the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey, described here. Our 188-orbit Hubble Treasury Program observed 41 clusters at 0.182 ≤ z ≤ 0.972 with Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) and WFC3/IR imaging spanning 0.4-1.7 μm. We selected 21 of the most massive clusters known based on Planck PSZ2 estimates and 20 additional clusters based on observed or inferred lensing strength. RELICS observed 46 WFC3/IR pointings (∼200 arcmin²) each with two orbits divided among four filters (F105W, F125W, F140W, and F160W) and ACS imaging as needed to achieve single-orbit depth in each of three filters (F435W, F606W, and F814W). As previously reported by Salmon et al., we discovered over 300 z ∼ 6-10 candidates, including the brightest z ∼ 6 candidates known, and the most distant spatially resolved lensed arc known at z ∼ 10. Spitzer IRAC imaging (945 hr awarded, plus 100 archival, spanning 3.0-5.0 μm) has crucially enabled us to distinguish z ∼ 10 candidates from z ∼ 2 interlopers. For each cluster, two HST observing epochs were staggered by about a month, enabling us to discover 11 supernovae, including 3 lensed supernovae, which we followed up with 20 orbits from our program. Reduced HST images, catalogs, and lens models are available on MAST, and reduced Spitzer images are available on IRSA.

Original language	English
Article number	85
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	884
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab412b
State	Published - Oct 10 2019

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The RELICS Hubble Treasury Program (GO 14096) consists of observations obtained by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope (HST). HST is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA), under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Data from the NASA/ESA HST presented in this paper were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST), operated by the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc.(AURA), under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. The HST Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) was developed under NASA contract NAS 5-32864. Spitzer Space Telescope data presented in this paper were obtained from the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive (IRSA), operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. Spitzer and IRSA are operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. We gratefully acknowledge support from JPL for the Spitzer analysis. M.B. and V.S. also acknowledge support by NASA through ADAP grant 80NSSC18K0945, NASA/HST through HST-GO-14096, HST-GO-13666, and two awards issued by Spitzer/JPL/Caltech associated with the SRELICS-DEEP and SRELICS programs. Part of this work by W.D. was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE by LLNL under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. K.U. acknowledges support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (grant MOST 106-2628-M-001-003-MY3) and from Academia Sinica (grant AS-IA-107-M01). O.G. is supported by an NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Fellowship under award AST-1602595. S.A.R. was supported by NASA grant HST-GO-14208 from STScI, which is operated by Associated Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA), under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. A.M. acknowledges the financial support of the Brazilian funding agency FAPESP (Post-doc fellowship-process No. 2014/11806-9). J.H. was supported by a VILLUM FONDEN Investigator grant (project No. 16599). Finally, we thank our referee for detailed comments that helped us improve the manuscript.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2019. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Keywords

dark ages, reionization, first stars
dark matter
galaxies: clusters: general
galaxies: high-redshift
gravitational lensing: strong
supernovae: general

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

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10.3847/1538-4357/ab412b

Cite this

Coe, D., Salmon, B., Bradač, M., Bradley, L. D., Sharon, K., Zitrin, A., Acebron, A., Cerny, C., Cibirka, N., Strait, V., Paterno-Mahler, R., Mahler, G., Avila, R. J., Ogaz, S., Huang, K. H., Pelliccia, D., Stark, D. P., Mainali, R., Oesch, P. A., ... Su, Y. (2019). RELICS: Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey. Astrophysical Journal, 884(1), [85]. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab412b

@article{8296bc025afb42c696fcb91b3204bc38,

title = "RELICS: Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey",

abstract = "Large surveys of galaxy clusters with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Spitzer, including the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble and the Frontier Fields, have demonstrated the power of strong gravitational lensing to efficiently deliver large samples of high-redshift galaxies. We extend this strategy through a wider, shallower survey named RELICS, the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey, described here. Our 188-orbit Hubble Treasury Program observed 41 clusters at 0.182 ≤ z ≤ 0.972 with Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) and WFC3/IR imaging spanning 0.4-1.7 μm. We selected 21 of the most massive clusters known based on Planck PSZ2 estimates and 20 additional clusters based on observed or inferred lensing strength. RELICS observed 46 WFC3/IR pointings (∼200 arcmin2) each with two orbits divided among four filters (F105W, F125W, F140W, and F160W) and ACS imaging as needed to achieve single-orbit depth in each of three filters (F435W, F606W, and F814W). As previously reported by Salmon et al., we discovered over 300 z ∼ 6-10 candidates, including the brightest z ∼ 6 candidates known, and the most distant spatially resolved lensed arc known at z ∼ 10. Spitzer IRAC imaging (945 hr awarded, plus 100 archival, spanning 3.0-5.0 μm) has crucially enabled us to distinguish z ∼ 10 candidates from z ∼ 2 interlopers. For each cluster, two HST observing epochs were staggered by about a month, enabling us to discover 11 supernovae, including 3 lensed supernovae, which we followed up with 20 orbits from our program. Reduced HST images, catalogs, and lens models are available on MAST, and reduced Spitzer images are available on IRSA.",

keywords = "dark ages, reionization, first stars, dark matter, galaxies: clusters: general, galaxies: high-redshift, gravitational lensing: strong, supernovae: general",

author = "Dan Coe and Brett Salmon and Maru{\v s}a Brada{\v c} and Bradley, {Larry D.} and Keren Sharon and Adi Zitrin and Ana Acebron and Catherine Cerny and Nath{\'a}lia Cibirka and Victoria Strait and Rachel Paterno-Mahler and Guillaume Mahler and Avila, {Roberto J.} and Sara Ogaz and Huang, {Kuang Han} and Debora Pelliccia and Stark, {Daniel P.} and Ramesh Mainali and Oesch, {Pascal A.} and Michele Trenti and Daniela Carrasco and Dawson, {William A.} and Rodney, {Steven A.} and Strolger, {Louis Gregory} and Riess, {Adam G.} and Christine Jones and Frye, {Brenda L.} and Czakon, {Nicole G.} and Keiichi Umetsu and Benedetta Vulcani and Or Graur and Jha, {Saurabh W.} and Graham, {Melissa L.} and Alberto Molino and Mario Nonino and Jens Hjorth and Jonatan Selsing and Lise Christensen and Shotaro Kikuchihara and Masami Ouchi and Masamune Oguri and Brian Welch and Lemaux, {Brian C.} and Felipe Andrade-Santos and Hoag, {Austin T.} and Johnson, {Traci L.} and Avery Peterson and Matthew Past and Carter Fox and Irene Agulli and Rachael Livermore and Ryan, {Russell E.} and Daniel Lam and Irene Sendra-Server and Sune Toft and Lorenzo Lovisari and Yuanyuan Su",

note = "Funding Information: The RELICS Hubble Treasury Program (GO 14096) consists of observations obtained by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope (HST). HST is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA), under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Data from the NASA/ESA HST presented in this paper were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST), operated by the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc.(AURA), under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. The HST Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) was developed under NASA contract NAS 5-32864. Spitzer Space Telescope data presented in this paper were obtained from the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive (IRSA), operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. Spitzer and IRSA are operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. We gratefully acknowledge support from JPL for the Spitzer analysis. M.B. and V.S. also acknowledge support by NASA through ADAP grant 80NSSC18K0945, NASA/HST through HST-GO-14096, HST-GO-13666, and two awards issued by Spitzer/JPL/Caltech associated with the SRELICS-DEEP and SRELICS programs. Part of this work by W.D. was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE by LLNL under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. K.U. acknowledges support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (grant MOST 106-2628-M-001-003-MY3) and from Academia Sinica (grant AS-IA-107-M01). O.G. is supported by an NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Fellowship under award AST-1602595. S.A.R. was supported by NASA grant HST-GO-14208 from STScI, which is operated by Associated Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA), under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. A.M. acknowledges the financial support of the Brazilian funding agency FAPESP (Post-doc fellowship-process No. 2014/11806-9). J.H. was supported by a VILLUM FONDEN Investigator grant (project No. 16599). Finally, we thank our referee for detailed comments that helped us improve the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.",

year = "2019",

month = oct,

day = "10",

doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/ab412b",

language = "English",

volume = "884",

number = "1",

}

Coe, D, Salmon, B, Bradač, M, Bradley, LD, Sharon, K, Zitrin, A, Acebron, A, Cerny, C, Cibirka, N, Strait, V, Paterno-Mahler, R, Mahler, G, Avila, RJ, Ogaz, S, Huang, KH, Pelliccia, D, Stark, DP, Mainali, R, Oesch, PA, Trenti, M, Carrasco, D, Dawson, WA, Rodney, SA, Strolger, LG, Riess, AG, Jones, C, Frye, BL, Czakon, NG, Umetsu, K, Vulcani, B, Graur, O, Jha, SW, Graham, ML, Molino, A, Nonino, M, Hjorth, J, Selsing, J, Christensen, L, Kikuchihara, S, Ouchi, M, Oguri, M, Welch, B, Lemaux, BC, Andrade-Santos, F, Hoag, AT, Johnson, TL, Peterson, A, Past, M, Fox, C, Agulli, I, Livermore, R, Ryan, RE, Lam, D, Sendra-Server, I, Toft, S, Lovisari, L & Su, Y 2019, 'RELICS: Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 884, no. 1, 85. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab412b

TY - JOUR

T1 - RELICS

T2 - Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey

AU - Coe, Dan

AU - Salmon, Brett

AU - Bradač, Maruša

AU - Bradley, Larry D.

AU - Sharon, Keren

AU - Zitrin, Adi

AU - Acebron, Ana

AU - Cerny, Catherine

AU - Cibirka, Nathália

AU - Strait, Victoria

AU - Paterno-Mahler, Rachel

AU - Mahler, Guillaume

AU - Avila, Roberto J.

AU - Ogaz, Sara

AU - Huang, Kuang Han

AU - Pelliccia, Debora

AU - Stark, Daniel P.

AU - Mainali, Ramesh

AU - Oesch, Pascal A.

AU - Trenti, Michele

AU - Carrasco, Daniela

AU - Dawson, William A.

AU - Rodney, Steven A.

AU - Strolger, Louis Gregory

AU - Riess, Adam G.

AU - Jones, Christine

AU - Frye, Brenda L.

AU - Czakon, Nicole G.

AU - Umetsu, Keiichi

AU - Vulcani, Benedetta

AU - Graur, Or

AU - Jha, Saurabh W.

AU - Graham, Melissa L.

AU - Molino, Alberto

AU - Nonino, Mario

AU - Hjorth, Jens

AU - Selsing, Jonatan

AU - Christensen, Lise

AU - Kikuchihara, Shotaro

AU - Ouchi, Masami

AU - Oguri, Masamune

AU - Welch, Brian

AU - Lemaux, Brian C.

AU - Andrade-Santos, Felipe

AU - Hoag, Austin T.

AU - Johnson, Traci L.

AU - Peterson, Avery

AU - Past, Matthew

AU - Fox, Carter

AU - Agulli, Irene

AU - Livermore, Rachael

AU - Ryan, Russell E.

AU - Lam, Daniel

AU - Sendra-Server, Irene

AU - Toft, Sune

AU - Lovisari, Lorenzo

AU - Su, Yuanyuan

N1 - Funding Information: The RELICS Hubble Treasury Program (GO 14096) consists of observations obtained by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope (HST). HST is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA), under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Data from the NASA/ESA HST presented in this paper were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST), operated by the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc.(AURA), under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. The HST Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) was developed under NASA contract NAS 5-32864. Spitzer Space Telescope data presented in this paper were obtained from the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive (IRSA), operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. Spitzer and IRSA are operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. We gratefully acknowledge support from JPL for the Spitzer analysis. M.B. and V.S. also acknowledge support by NASA through ADAP grant 80NSSC18K0945, NASA/HST through HST-GO-14096, HST-GO-13666, and two awards issued by Spitzer/JPL/Caltech associated with the SRELICS-DEEP and SRELICS programs. Part of this work by W.D. was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE by LLNL under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. K.U. acknowledges support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (grant MOST 106-2628-M-001-003-MY3) and from Academia Sinica (grant AS-IA-107-M01). O.G. is supported by an NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Fellowship under award AST-1602595. S.A.R. was supported by NASA grant HST-GO-14208 from STScI, which is operated by Associated Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA), under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. A.M. acknowledges the financial support of the Brazilian funding agency FAPESP (Post-doc fellowship-process No. 2014/11806-9). J.H. was supported by a VILLUM FONDEN Investigator grant (project No. 16599). Finally, we thank our referee for detailed comments that helped us improve the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © 2019. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

PY - 2019/10/10

Y1 - 2019/10/10

N2 - Large surveys of galaxy clusters with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Spitzer, including the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble and the Frontier Fields, have demonstrated the power of strong gravitational lensing to efficiently deliver large samples of high-redshift galaxies. We extend this strategy through a wider, shallower survey named RELICS, the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey, described here. Our 188-orbit Hubble Treasury Program observed 41 clusters at 0.182 ≤ z ≤ 0.972 with Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) and WFC3/IR imaging spanning 0.4-1.7 μm. We selected 21 of the most massive clusters known based on Planck PSZ2 estimates and 20 additional clusters based on observed or inferred lensing strength. RELICS observed 46 WFC3/IR pointings (∼200 arcmin2) each with two orbits divided among four filters (F105W, F125W, F140W, and F160W) and ACS imaging as needed to achieve single-orbit depth in each of three filters (F435W, F606W, and F814W). As previously reported by Salmon et al., we discovered over 300 z ∼ 6-10 candidates, including the brightest z ∼ 6 candidates known, and the most distant spatially resolved lensed arc known at z ∼ 10. Spitzer IRAC imaging (945 hr awarded, plus 100 archival, spanning 3.0-5.0 μm) has crucially enabled us to distinguish z ∼ 10 candidates from z ∼ 2 interlopers. For each cluster, two HST observing epochs were staggered by about a month, enabling us to discover 11 supernovae, including 3 lensed supernovae, which we followed up with 20 orbits from our program. Reduced HST images, catalogs, and lens models are available on MAST, and reduced Spitzer images are available on IRSA.

AB - Large surveys of galaxy clusters with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Spitzer, including the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble and the Frontier Fields, have demonstrated the power of strong gravitational lensing to efficiently deliver large samples of high-redshift galaxies. We extend this strategy through a wider, shallower survey named RELICS, the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey, described here. Our 188-orbit Hubble Treasury Program observed 41 clusters at 0.182 ≤ z ≤ 0.972 with Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) and WFC3/IR imaging spanning 0.4-1.7 μm. We selected 21 of the most massive clusters known based on Planck PSZ2 estimates and 20 additional clusters based on observed or inferred lensing strength. RELICS observed 46 WFC3/IR pointings (∼200 arcmin2) each with two orbits divided among four filters (F105W, F125W, F140W, and F160W) and ACS imaging as needed to achieve single-orbit depth in each of three filters (F435W, F606W, and F814W). As previously reported by Salmon et al., we discovered over 300 z ∼ 6-10 candidates, including the brightest z ∼ 6 candidates known, and the most distant spatially resolved lensed arc known at z ∼ 10. Spitzer IRAC imaging (945 hr awarded, plus 100 archival, spanning 3.0-5.0 μm) has crucially enabled us to distinguish z ∼ 10 candidates from z ∼ 2 interlopers. For each cluster, two HST observing epochs were staggered by about a month, enabling us to discover 11 supernovae, including 3 lensed supernovae, which we followed up with 20 orbits from our program. Reduced HST images, catalogs, and lens models are available on MAST, and reduced Spitzer images are available on IRSA.

KW - dark ages, reionization, first stars

KW - dark matter

KW - galaxies: clusters: general

KW - galaxies: high-redshift

KW - gravitational lensing: strong

KW - supernovae: general

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U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/ab412b

DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/ab412b

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85073834752

VL - 884

IS - 1

M1 - 85

ER -

RELICS: Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey

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Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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