Revised sequence stratigraphy of the upper Katian Stage (Cincinnatian) strata in the Cincinnati Arch reference area: Geological and paleontological implications

Carlton E. Brett; Christopher D. Aucoin; Benjamin F. Dattilo; Rebecca L. Freeman; Kyle R. Hartshorn; Patrick I. McLaughlin; Cameron E. Schwalbach

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109483

Revised sequence stratigraphy of the upper Katian Stage (Cincinnatian) strata in the Cincinnati Arch reference area: Geological and paleontological implications

Carlton E. Brett, Christopher D. Aucoin, Benjamin F. Dattilo, Rebecca L. Freeman, Kyle R. Hartshorn, Patrick I. McLaughlin, Cameron E. Schwalbach

Earth and Environmental Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

9 Scopus citations

Abstract

The Upper Ordovician Cincinnatian Series is a critical upper Katian reference succession. Previously, six 3rd-order depositional sequences (C1 to C6) have been recognized and frequently used as regional time slices. Recent research, however, indicates a need for revision and additions, including the recognition of additional 3rd- and 4th-order sequences. We propose amendments based upon high-resolution correlations using a combination of regional disconformities, cycle stacking patterns, bioevents, marker beds, and chemostratigraphy. Several disconformities, including a large regionally angular mid-Richmondian unconformity, are newly recognized or reinterpreted. In addition, distinctive depositional patterns aid in the recognition of systems tracts, with a) thick proximal laminated peritidal facies representing early transgressive systems tracts (TSTs) or lowstands, in part (LSTs), b) shell-rich limestone packages representing later TSTs and overlain by c) more shale-prone highstand systems tracts (HSTs), themselves overlain locally by d) siliciclastic dominated falling stage systems tract (FSST) deposits that are commonly removed beneath substantial unconformities (sequence boundaries). At present, we recognize eight 3rd-order Cincinnatian sequences, designated C1 through C8, and 16 4th-order subdivisions and their component systems tracts. A younger (Hirnantian?) sequence may be present at some localities as the enigmatic Centerville Formation and/or basal Belfast Member of the Brassfield Formation. The implications of these new correlations and sequence interpretations include a new standard for relative sea-level changes and insights into basin dynamics. This framework also permits a more nuanced history of biotic changes that include geologically brief pulses of immigration associated with the transgressions of the C1 (lower Kope Formation), C5C (Clarksville Member of Waynesville Formation), and C7A (basal Whitewater Formation).

Original language	English
Article number	109483
Journal	Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
Volume	540
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109483
State	Published - Feb 15 2020

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We extend our sincere thanks to the many colleagues and students who have aided us in our field work, discussions, and publications, including Brad Deline, Steve Holland, T.J. Malgieri, Nathan Marshall, Charles Mitchell, Tim Paton, Alex Reis, Tom Schramm, James Thomka, and Allison Young. Further gratitude goes to the late Stephen Felton, as well as Tom Bantel, Don Bissett, Dan Cooper, Ron Fine, Rich Fuchs, Bill Heimbrock, Jack Kallmeyer, Jerry Rush, and dozens of other members of the Cincinnati Dry Dredgers. We are also grateful to David Meyer and Arnie Miller for insightful discussions and Richard A. Davis for his online Bibliography on the Type-Cincinnatian ( faculty.msj.edu/davisr/cintian/biblio.htm ). We also greatly appreciate careful reviews of the paper by André Desrochers, Brenda Hunda, and Alycia Stigall, which greatly improved the manuscript. CB also acknowledges, as always, help with photography editing and support from Betty-Lou Brett; his past research on Ordovician was supported by grants from the Petroleum Research Fund, American Chemical Society , from NSF grant EAR 0819715 , and a grant from the Hess Corporation . Dattilo acknowledges the donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund grant 5525-UR8 for partial support of this research. This paper is a contribution to the International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) Project 653 –The Onset of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event.

Funding Information:
We extend our sincere thanks to the many colleagues and students who have aided us in our field work, discussions, and publications, including Brad Deline, Steve Holland, T.J. Malgieri, Nathan Marshall, Charles Mitchell, Tim Paton, Alex Reis, Tom Schramm, James Thomka, and Allison Young. Further gratitude goes to the late Stephen Felton, as well as Tom Bantel, Don Bissett, Dan Cooper, Ron Fine, Rich Fuchs, Bill Heimbrock, Jack Kallmeyer, Jerry Rush, and dozens of other members of the Cincinnati Dry Dredgers. We are also grateful to David Meyer and Arnie Miller for insightful discussions and Richard A. Davis for his online Bibliography on the Type-Cincinnatian (faculty.msj.edu/davisr/cintian/biblio.htm). We also greatly appreciate careful reviews of the paper by Andr? Desrochers, Brenda Hunda, and Alycia Stigall, which greatly improved the manuscript. CB also acknowledges, as always, help with photography editing and support from Betty-Lou Brett; his past research on Ordovician was supported by grants from the Petroleum Research Fund, American Chemical Society, from NSF grant EAR 0819715, and a grant from the Hess Corporation. Dattilo acknowledges the donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund grant 5525-UR8 for partial support of this research. This paper is a contribution to the International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) Project 653?The Onset of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier B.V.

Keywords

Bioevents
Epiboles
Ordovician
Richmondian invasion
Sequence stratigraphy
Unconformity

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Oceanography
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Earth-Surface Processes
Paleontology

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109483

Cite this

Brett, C. E., Aucoin, C. D., Dattilo, B. F., Freeman, R. L., Hartshorn, K. R., McLaughlin, P. I., & Schwalbach, C. E. (2020). Revised sequence stratigraphy of the upper Katian Stage (Cincinnatian) strata in the Cincinnati Arch reference area: Geological and paleontological implications. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 540, [109483]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109483

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title = "Revised sequence stratigraphy of the upper Katian Stage (Cincinnatian) strata in the Cincinnati Arch reference area: Geological and paleontological implications",

abstract = "The Upper Ordovician Cincinnatian Series is a critical upper Katian reference succession. Previously, six 3rd-order depositional sequences (C1 to C6) have been recognized and frequently used as regional time slices. Recent research, however, indicates a need for revision and additions, including the recognition of additional 3rd- and 4th-order sequences. We propose amendments based upon high-resolution correlations using a combination of regional disconformities, cycle stacking patterns, bioevents, marker beds, and chemostratigraphy. Several disconformities, including a large regionally angular mid-Richmondian unconformity, are newly recognized or reinterpreted. In addition, distinctive depositional patterns aid in the recognition of systems tracts, with a) thick proximal laminated peritidal facies representing early transgressive systems tracts (TSTs) or lowstands, in part (LSTs), b) shell-rich limestone packages representing later TSTs and overlain by c) more shale-prone highstand systems tracts (HSTs), themselves overlain locally by d) siliciclastic dominated falling stage systems tract (FSST) deposits that are commonly removed beneath substantial unconformities (sequence boundaries). At present, we recognize eight 3rd-order Cincinnatian sequences, designated C1 through C8, and 16 4th-order subdivisions and their component systems tracts. A younger (Hirnantian?) sequence may be present at some localities as the enigmatic Centerville Formation and/or basal Belfast Member of the Brassfield Formation. The implications of these new correlations and sequence interpretations include a new standard for relative sea-level changes and insights into basin dynamics. This framework also permits a more nuanced history of biotic changes that include geologically brief pulses of immigration associated with the transgressions of the C1 (lower Kope Formation), C5C (Clarksville Member of Waynesville Formation), and C7A (basal Whitewater Formation).",

keywords = "Bioevents, Epiboles, Ordovician, Richmondian invasion, Sequence stratigraphy, Unconformity",

author = "Brett, {Carlton E.} and Aucoin, {Christopher D.} and Dattilo, {Benjamin F.} and Freeman, {Rebecca L.} and Hartshorn, {Kyle R.} and McLaughlin, {Patrick I.} and Schwalbach, {Cameron E.}",

note = "Funding Information: We extend our sincere thanks to the many colleagues and students who have aided us in our field work, discussions, and publications, including Brad Deline, Steve Holland, T.J. Malgieri, Nathan Marshall, Charles Mitchell, Tim Paton, Alex Reis, Tom Schramm, James Thomka, and Allison Young. Further gratitude goes to the late Stephen Felton, as well as Tom Bantel, Don Bissett, Dan Cooper, Ron Fine, Rich Fuchs, Bill Heimbrock, Jack Kallmeyer, Jerry Rush, and dozens of other members of the Cincinnati Dry Dredgers. We are also grateful to David Meyer and Arnie Miller for insightful discussions and Richard A. Davis for his online Bibliography on the Type-Cincinnatian ( faculty.msj.edu/davisr/cintian/biblio.htm ). We also greatly appreciate careful reviews of the paper by Andr{\'e} Desrochers, Brenda Hunda, and Alycia Stigall, which greatly improved the manuscript. CB also acknowledges, as always, help with photography editing and support from Betty-Lou Brett; his past research on Ordovician was supported by grants from the Petroleum Research Fund, American Chemical Society , from NSF grant EAR 0819715 , and a grant from the Hess Corporation . Dattilo acknowledges the donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund grant 5525-UR8 for partial support of this research. This paper is a contribution to the International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) Project 653 –The Onset of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. Funding Information: We extend our sincere thanks to the many colleagues and students who have aided us in our field work, discussions, and publications, including Brad Deline, Steve Holland, T.J. Malgieri, Nathan Marshall, Charles Mitchell, Tim Paton, Alex Reis, Tom Schramm, James Thomka, and Allison Young. Further gratitude goes to the late Stephen Felton, as well as Tom Bantel, Don Bissett, Dan Cooper, Ron Fine, Rich Fuchs, Bill Heimbrock, Jack Kallmeyer, Jerry Rush, and dozens of other members of the Cincinnati Dry Dredgers. We are also grateful to David Meyer and Arnie Miller for insightful discussions and Richard A. Davis for his online Bibliography on the Type-Cincinnatian (faculty.msj.edu/davisr/cintian/biblio.htm). We also greatly appreciate careful reviews of the paper by Andr? Desrochers, Brenda Hunda, and Alycia Stigall, which greatly improved the manuscript. CB also acknowledges, as always, help with photography editing and support from Betty-Lou Brett; his past research on Ordovician was supported by grants from the Petroleum Research Fund, American Chemical Society, from NSF grant EAR 0819715, and a grant from the Hess Corporation. Dattilo acknowledges the donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund grant 5525-UR8 for partial support of this research. This paper is a contribution to the International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) Project 653?The Onset of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Elsevier B.V.",

year = "2020",

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doi = "10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109483",

language = "English",

volume = "540",

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Brett, CE, Aucoin, CD, Dattilo, BF, Freeman, RL, Hartshorn, KR, McLaughlin, PI & Schwalbach, CE 2020, 'Revised sequence stratigraphy of the upper Katian Stage (Cincinnatian) strata in the Cincinnati Arch reference area: Geological and paleontological implications', Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol. 540, 109483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109483

Revised sequence stratigraphy of the upper Katian Stage (Cincinnatian) strata in the Cincinnati Arch reference area : Geological and paleontological implications. / Brett, Carlton E.; Aucoin, Christopher D.; Dattilo, Benjamin F. et al.

In: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Vol. 540, 109483, 15.02.2020.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Revised sequence stratigraphy of the upper Katian Stage (Cincinnatian) strata in the Cincinnati Arch reference area

T2 - Geological and paleontological implications

AU - Brett, Carlton E.

AU - Aucoin, Christopher D.

AU - Dattilo, Benjamin F.

AU - Freeman, Rebecca L.

AU - Hartshorn, Kyle R.

AU - McLaughlin, Patrick I.

AU - Schwalbach, Cameron E.

N1 - Funding Information: We extend our sincere thanks to the many colleagues and students who have aided us in our field work, discussions, and publications, including Brad Deline, Steve Holland, T.J. Malgieri, Nathan Marshall, Charles Mitchell, Tim Paton, Alex Reis, Tom Schramm, James Thomka, and Allison Young. Further gratitude goes to the late Stephen Felton, as well as Tom Bantel, Don Bissett, Dan Cooper, Ron Fine, Rich Fuchs, Bill Heimbrock, Jack Kallmeyer, Jerry Rush, and dozens of other members of the Cincinnati Dry Dredgers. We are also grateful to David Meyer and Arnie Miller for insightful discussions and Richard A. Davis for his online Bibliography on the Type-Cincinnatian ( faculty.msj.edu/davisr/cintian/biblio.htm ). We also greatly appreciate careful reviews of the paper by André Desrochers, Brenda Hunda, and Alycia Stigall, which greatly improved the manuscript. CB also acknowledges, as always, help with photography editing and support from Betty-Lou Brett; his past research on Ordovician was supported by grants from the Petroleum Research Fund, American Chemical Society , from NSF grant EAR 0819715 , and a grant from the Hess Corporation . Dattilo acknowledges the donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund grant 5525-UR8 for partial support of this research. This paper is a contribution to the International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) Project 653 –The Onset of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. Funding Information: We extend our sincere thanks to the many colleagues and students who have aided us in our field work, discussions, and publications, including Brad Deline, Steve Holland, T.J. Malgieri, Nathan Marshall, Charles Mitchell, Tim Paton, Alex Reis, Tom Schramm, James Thomka, and Allison Young. Further gratitude goes to the late Stephen Felton, as well as Tom Bantel, Don Bissett, Dan Cooper, Ron Fine, Rich Fuchs, Bill Heimbrock, Jack Kallmeyer, Jerry Rush, and dozens of other members of the Cincinnati Dry Dredgers. We are also grateful to David Meyer and Arnie Miller for insightful discussions and Richard A. Davis for his online Bibliography on the Type-Cincinnatian (faculty.msj.edu/davisr/cintian/biblio.htm). We also greatly appreciate careful reviews of the paper by Andr? Desrochers, Brenda Hunda, and Alycia Stigall, which greatly improved the manuscript. CB also acknowledges, as always, help with photography editing and support from Betty-Lou Brett; his past research on Ordovician was supported by grants from the Petroleum Research Fund, American Chemical Society, from NSF grant EAR 0819715, and a grant from the Hess Corporation. Dattilo acknowledges the donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund grant 5525-UR8 for partial support of this research. This paper is a contribution to the International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) Project 653?The Onset of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. Publisher Copyright: © 2019 Elsevier B.V.

PY - 2020/2/15

Y1 - 2020/2/15

N2 - The Upper Ordovician Cincinnatian Series is a critical upper Katian reference succession. Previously, six 3rd-order depositional sequences (C1 to C6) have been recognized and frequently used as regional time slices. Recent research, however, indicates a need for revision and additions, including the recognition of additional 3rd- and 4th-order sequences. We propose amendments based upon high-resolution correlations using a combination of regional disconformities, cycle stacking patterns, bioevents, marker beds, and chemostratigraphy. Several disconformities, including a large regionally angular mid-Richmondian unconformity, are newly recognized or reinterpreted. In addition, distinctive depositional patterns aid in the recognition of systems tracts, with a) thick proximal laminated peritidal facies representing early transgressive systems tracts (TSTs) or lowstands, in part (LSTs), b) shell-rich limestone packages representing later TSTs and overlain by c) more shale-prone highstand systems tracts (HSTs), themselves overlain locally by d) siliciclastic dominated falling stage systems tract (FSST) deposits that are commonly removed beneath substantial unconformities (sequence boundaries). At present, we recognize eight 3rd-order Cincinnatian sequences, designated C1 through C8, and 16 4th-order subdivisions and their component systems tracts. A younger (Hirnantian?) sequence may be present at some localities as the enigmatic Centerville Formation and/or basal Belfast Member of the Brassfield Formation. The implications of these new correlations and sequence interpretations include a new standard for relative sea-level changes and insights into basin dynamics. This framework also permits a more nuanced history of biotic changes that include geologically brief pulses of immigration associated with the transgressions of the C1 (lower Kope Formation), C5C (Clarksville Member of Waynesville Formation), and C7A (basal Whitewater Formation).

AB - The Upper Ordovician Cincinnatian Series is a critical upper Katian reference succession. Previously, six 3rd-order depositional sequences (C1 to C6) have been recognized and frequently used as regional time slices. Recent research, however, indicates a need for revision and additions, including the recognition of additional 3rd- and 4th-order sequences. We propose amendments based upon high-resolution correlations using a combination of regional disconformities, cycle stacking patterns, bioevents, marker beds, and chemostratigraphy. Several disconformities, including a large regionally angular mid-Richmondian unconformity, are newly recognized or reinterpreted. In addition, distinctive depositional patterns aid in the recognition of systems tracts, with a) thick proximal laminated peritidal facies representing early transgressive systems tracts (TSTs) or lowstands, in part (LSTs), b) shell-rich limestone packages representing later TSTs and overlain by c) more shale-prone highstand systems tracts (HSTs), themselves overlain locally by d) siliciclastic dominated falling stage systems tract (FSST) deposits that are commonly removed beneath substantial unconformities (sequence boundaries). At present, we recognize eight 3rd-order Cincinnatian sequences, designated C1 through C8, and 16 4th-order subdivisions and their component systems tracts. A younger (Hirnantian?) sequence may be present at some localities as the enigmatic Centerville Formation and/or basal Belfast Member of the Brassfield Formation. The implications of these new correlations and sequence interpretations include a new standard for relative sea-level changes and insights into basin dynamics. This framework also permits a more nuanced history of biotic changes that include geologically brief pulses of immigration associated with the transgressions of the C1 (lower Kope Formation), C5C (Clarksville Member of Waynesville Formation), and C7A (basal Whitewater Formation).

KW - Bioevents

KW - Epiboles

KW - Ordovician

KW - Richmondian invasion

KW - Sequence stratigraphy

KW - Unconformity

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Revised sequence stratigraphy of the upper Katian Stage (Cincinnatian) strata in the Cincinnati Arch reference area: Geological and paleontological implications

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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