Role of innate and acquired immune mechanisms in clinical intestinal transplant rejection

James M. Mathew, Panagiotis Tryphonopoulos, Werviston Defaria, Phillip Ruiz, Joshua Miller, Terrence A. Barrett, Andreas G. Tzakis, Tomoaki Kato

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

11 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background. Long-term outcomes of intestinal transplantation are limited by infection and rejection. To understand the underlying immune mechanisms, graft infiltrating and peripheral blood cells were analyzed using multiple ex vivo assays in intestinal transplantation recipients. Methods. Infiltrating cells from rejected (graft enterectomy for rejection) and accepted or quiescent (stoma closure in stable transplant recipients) grafts were isolated and phenotypically characterized as to subsets and Toll-like receptor expressions as well as functionally tested for antimicrobial and antidonor immune responses. Multiparameter antidonor immunity was also assessed serially in the peripheral blood. Results. The graft infiltrating lymphocytes were mostly of recipient origin in all patients tested. In rejecting grafts, the predominant populations were TcRαβ + CD3 + CD8 + T cells, and CD14 + monocytes that coexpressed Toll-like receptor-2, receptor-3, receptor-4, receptor-5, and receptor-9, suggesting innate immune activation. In quiescent allografts the major cell subsets were CD13 + CD14 - monocytes and CD4 + CD25 + T cells with possible regulatory functions. Infiltrating cells from rejected but not quiescent grafts proliferated in response to enteric bacterial and donor antigens as well as killed donor targets. Serial follow-up of peripheral blood indicated donor-specific posttransplant unresponsiveness in micro-cell-mediated lympholysis (m-CML) and mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) in recipients with quiescent grafts, but not in recipients with multiple rejection episodes. Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSpot assays yielded parallel results: granzyme-B with micro-cell-mediated lympholysis and interferon-γ with MLR tests. Conclusion. These results were consistent with the notion that rejection was associated with innate and acquired antimicrobial and antidonor immune reactivity and that patients with stable grafts were free from these deleterious effects.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1273-1281
Number of pages9
JournalTransplantation
Volume99
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 6 2015

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Transplantation

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