Scapulohumeral kinematic assessment of the forward kayak stroke in experienced whitewater kayakers

Craig A. Wassinger; Joseph B. Myers; Timothy C. Sell; Sakiko Oyama; Elaine N. Rubenstein; Scott M. Lephart

doi:10.1080/14763141.2011.569563

Scapulohumeral kinematic assessment of the forward kayak stroke in experienced whitewater kayakers

Craig A. Wassinger, Joseph B. Myers, Timothy C. Sell, Sakiko Oyama, Elaine N. Rubenstein, Scott M. Lephart

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

20 Scopus citations

Abstract

By understanding the normal humeral and scapular kinematics during the kayak stroke, inferences about the relationship of kayaking technique and shoulder injury may be established. The purpose of this study was to describe scapular and humeral kinematics and to compare dominant versus non-dominant symmetry in healthy whitewater kayakers performing the forward stroke. Twenty-five competent whitewater kayakers (mean age: 34.1±9.4 years, mean height: 1.768±0.093 m, mean mass: 78.2±13.0 kg) underwent humeral and scapular kinematic assessment, using an electromagnetic tracking device, while kayaking on a kayak ergometer. Paired t-tests were used to determine symmetry. Scapular and humeral kinematic means and standard deviations at six time points during the kayak stroke were described. Scapular and humeral kinematics were shown to be similar upon bilateral comparison. The greatest potential for injury during the forward stroke may be at thrust paddle shaft vertical when the humerus is maximally elevated in internal rotation and adduction as subacromial structures may be mechanically impinged. The relationship between scapulohumeral kinematics related to injury at other time points are also described.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	98-109
Number of pages	12
Journal	Sports Biomechanics
Volume	10
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2011.569563
State	Published - Jun 2011

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This project was completed at the Neuromuscular Research Laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh as part of Craig Wassinger’s doctoral work. The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Takashi Nagai, Dr. Kenneth Learman, and Hung-Chun Huang and the other research assistants within the Neuromuscular Research Laboratory for their assistance with data collection. Funding for this project was provided by the University of Pittsburgh, School of Health and Rehabilitation Science Research Development Fund and the Freddie H. Fu Graduate Research Award. The authors would also like to acknowledge Vasa Inc. for donating the Vasa Kayak Ergometer for the study.

Copyright:
Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

Funding

This project was completed at the Neuromuscular Research Laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh as part of Craig Wassinger’s doctoral work. The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Takashi Nagai, Dr. Kenneth Learman, and Hung-Chun Huang and the other research assistants within the Neuromuscular Research Laboratory for their assistance with data collection. Funding for this project was provided by the University of Pittsburgh, School of Health and Rehabilitation Science Research Development Fund and the Freddie H. Fu Graduate Research Award. The authors would also like to acknowledge Vasa Inc. for donating the Vasa Kayak Ergometer for the study.

Funders	Funder number
School of Health and Rehabilitation Science Research Development Fund
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh

Keywords

Kinematic analysis
Scapula
Shoulder injury
Whitewater kayak

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation

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10.1080/14763141.2011.569563

Cite this

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title = "Scapulohumeral kinematic assessment of the forward kayak stroke in experienced whitewater kayakers",

abstract = "By understanding the normal humeral and scapular kinematics during the kayak stroke, inferences about the relationship of kayaking technique and shoulder injury may be established. The purpose of this study was to describe scapular and humeral kinematics and to compare dominant versus non-dominant symmetry in healthy whitewater kayakers performing the forward stroke. Twenty-five competent whitewater kayakers (mean age: 34.1±9.4 years, mean height: 1.768±0.093 m, mean mass: 78.2±13.0 kg) underwent humeral and scapular kinematic assessment, using an electromagnetic tracking device, while kayaking on a kayak ergometer. Paired t-tests were used to determine symmetry. Scapular and humeral kinematic means and standard deviations at six time points during the kayak stroke were described. Scapular and humeral kinematics were shown to be similar upon bilateral comparison. The greatest potential for injury during the forward stroke may be at thrust paddle shaft vertical when the humerus is maximally elevated in internal rotation and adduction as subacromial structures may be mechanically impinged. The relationship between scapulohumeral kinematics related to injury at other time points are also described.",

keywords = "Kinematic analysis, Scapula, Shoulder injury, Whitewater kayak",

author = "Wassinger, {Craig A.} and Myers, {Joseph B.} and Sell, {Timothy C.} and Sakiko Oyama and Rubenstein, {Elaine N.} and Lephart, {Scott M.}",

note = "Funding Information: This project was completed at the Neuromuscular Research Laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh as part of Craig Wassinger{\textquoteright}s doctoral work. The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Takashi Nagai, Dr. Kenneth Learman, and Hung-Chun Huang and the other research assistants within the Neuromuscular Research Laboratory for their assistance with data collection. Funding for this project was provided by the University of Pittsburgh, School of Health and Rehabilitation Science Research Development Fund and the Freddie H. Fu Graduate Research Award. The authors would also like to acknowledge Vasa Inc. for donating the Vasa Kayak Ergometer for the study. Copyright: Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

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AU - Lephart, Scott M.

N1 - Funding Information: This project was completed at the Neuromuscular Research Laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh as part of Craig Wassinger’s doctoral work. The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Takashi Nagai, Dr. Kenneth Learman, and Hung-Chun Huang and the other research assistants within the Neuromuscular Research Laboratory for their assistance with data collection. Funding for this project was provided by the University of Pittsburgh, School of Health and Rehabilitation Science Research Development Fund and the Freddie H. Fu Graduate Research Award. The authors would also like to acknowledge Vasa Inc. for donating the Vasa Kayak Ergometer for the study. Copyright: Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

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N2 - By understanding the normal humeral and scapular kinematics during the kayak stroke, inferences about the relationship of kayaking technique and shoulder injury may be established. The purpose of this study was to describe scapular and humeral kinematics and to compare dominant versus non-dominant symmetry in healthy whitewater kayakers performing the forward stroke. Twenty-five competent whitewater kayakers (mean age: 34.1±9.4 years, mean height: 1.768±0.093 m, mean mass: 78.2±13.0 kg) underwent humeral and scapular kinematic assessment, using an electromagnetic tracking device, while kayaking on a kayak ergometer. Paired t-tests were used to determine symmetry. Scapular and humeral kinematic means and standard deviations at six time points during the kayak stroke were described. Scapular and humeral kinematics were shown to be similar upon bilateral comparison. The greatest potential for injury during the forward stroke may be at thrust paddle shaft vertical when the humerus is maximally elevated in internal rotation and adduction as subacromial structures may be mechanically impinged. The relationship between scapulohumeral kinematics related to injury at other time points are also described.

AB - By understanding the normal humeral and scapular kinematics during the kayak stroke, inferences about the relationship of kayaking technique and shoulder injury may be established. The purpose of this study was to describe scapular and humeral kinematics and to compare dominant versus non-dominant symmetry in healthy whitewater kayakers performing the forward stroke. Twenty-five competent whitewater kayakers (mean age: 34.1±9.4 years, mean height: 1.768±0.093 m, mean mass: 78.2±13.0 kg) underwent humeral and scapular kinematic assessment, using an electromagnetic tracking device, while kayaking on a kayak ergometer. Paired t-tests were used to determine symmetry. Scapular and humeral kinematic means and standard deviations at six time points during the kayak stroke were described. Scapular and humeral kinematics were shown to be similar upon bilateral comparison. The greatest potential for injury during the forward stroke may be at thrust paddle shaft vertical when the humerus is maximally elevated in internal rotation and adduction as subacromial structures may be mechanically impinged. The relationship between scapulohumeral kinematics related to injury at other time points are also described.

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Scapulohumeral kinematic assessment of the forward kayak stroke in experienced whitewater kayakers

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

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