Abstract
The Drosophila protein Shaggy (Sgg, also known as Zeste-white3, Zw3) and its vertebrate orthologue glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) are inhibitory components of the Wingless (Wg) and Wnt pathways. Here we show that Sgg is also a negative regulator in the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. In Drosophila, Hh acts both by blocking the proteolytic processing of full-length Cubitus interruptus, Ci (Ci155), to generate a truncated repressor form (Ci75), and by stimulating the activity of accumulated Ci155 (refs 2-6). Loss of sgg gene function results in a cell-autonomous accumulation of high levels of Ci155 and the ectopic expression of Hh-responsive genes including decapentaplegic (dpp) and wg. Simultaneous removal of sgg and Suppressor of fused, Su (fu), results in wing duplications similar to those caused by ectopic Hh signalling. Ci is phosphorylated by GSK3 after a primed phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA), and mutating GSK3-phosphorylation sites in Ci blocks its processing and prevents the production of the repressor form. We propose that Sgg/GSK3 acts in conjunction with PKA to cause hyperphosphorylation of Ci, which targets it for proteolytic processing, and that Hh opposes Ci proteolysis by promoting its dephosphorylation.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 548-552 |
| Number of pages | 5 |
| Journal | Nature |
| Volume | 416 |
| Issue number | 6880 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Apr 8 2002 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:H. Niwa and I. Chambers generated the HT2 ES cells and Marios Stavridis the 46C cells. We thank C. Graham for directing us to the original studies of Barski and Ephrussi and are grateful to C. Blackburn and A. Medvinksy for comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by the International Human Frontiers Science Program and by the Medical Research Council and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council of the UK.
Funding Information:
We thank G. Struhl, D. Kalderon, R. Holmgren, S. Cohen, T. Kornberg and M. Peifer for reagents; and G. Struhl, K. Wharton and L. Parada for comments. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health. J.J. is a Searle Scholar supported by the Chicago Community Trust, a Eugene McDermott Endowed Scholar in Biomedical Research, and a Leukemia and Lymphoma Society Special Fellow.
Funding
H. Niwa and I. Chambers generated the HT2 ES cells and Marios Stavridis the 46C cells. We thank C. Graham for directing us to the original studies of Barski and Ephrussi and are grateful to C. Blackburn and A. Medvinksy for comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by the International Human Frontiers Science Program and by the Medical Research Council and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council of the UK. We thank G. Struhl, D. Kalderon, R. Holmgren, S. Cohen, T. Kornberg and M. Peifer for reagents; and G. Struhl, K. Wharton and L. Parada for comments. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health. J.J. is a Searle Scholar supported by the Chicago Community Trust, a Eugene McDermott Endowed Scholar in Biomedical Research, and a Leukemia and Lymphoma Society Special Fellow.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| International Human Frontiers Science Program | |
| National Institutes of Health (NIH) | |
| National Institute of General Medical Sciences | R01GM061269 |
| Searle Scholars Program/The Chicago Community Trust | |
| Leukemia and Lymphoma Society | |
| Medical Research Council | |
| Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council |
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General