Abstract
Individuals with substance use and psychiatric disorders have a high prevalence of tobacco use disorders and are disproportionately affected by tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. However, it is unclear how having co-occurring disorders affects tobacco cessation. Our aim was to examine smoking cessation outcomes and relevant predictors of smoking cessation among smokers with substance use and/or psychiatric disorders. Methods: Data from medical records of 674 participants in a tobacco treatment program within mental health and addictions services in Vancouver, Canada, were analyzed. The 26-week treatment program included an 8-week structured behavioral counseling group, an 18-week support group, and 26 weeks of no-cost pharmacotherapy. Information on demographics, tobacco use and history, type of pharmacotherapy received, nicotine dependence, importance of and confidence in quitting smoking, expired carbon monoxide level, substance use and psychiatric disorder history, and total program visits were gathered. Results: Approximately 67% (n = 449) of participants had co-occurring substance use and psychiatric disorders, while 20% (n = 136) had substance use disorder only, 10% (n = 67) had psychiatric disorder only, and 3% (n = 22) had tobacco dependence only. Rates of tobacco cessation (i.e., 7-day point prevalence of abstinence verified by expired carbon monoxide of .8 ppm) by group in the 522 people who completed treatment were as follows: 38.2% for those with co-occurring disorders, 47.1% for those with tobacco dependence only, 47.1% for those with substance use disorder only, and 41.8% for those with psychiatric disorder only. Length of treatment was a significant predictor of smoking cessation for those with co-occurring disorders and substance use disorder only. In the final stratified multivariate analysis, for individuals with co-occurring disorders, having an opiate use disorder (as compared to an alcohol use disorder) and higher nicotine dependence scores at baseline were predictive of poor cessation outcomes, while greater length of treatment was predictive of successful smoking cessation. Conclusions: Tobacco cessation treatment for individuals with co-occurring substance use and psychiatric disorders is likely to be as effective as for smokers with either disorder alone. Treatment duration predicts success among these smokers so strategies to enhance engagement and retention are needed.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 9-18 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| Journal | Journal of Dual Diagnosis |
| Volume | 10 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 2014 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:The authors have no financial relationships with commercial interests with regard to this manuscript. Dr. Okoli has received consultation fees from Pfizer, a manufacturer of smoking cessation pharmacotherapy, and is a paid consultant with Vancouver Coastal Health Authority. Dr. Khara has received unrestricted research funding, speaker’s honoraria, consultation fees, or product from the following organizations/companies: Health Canada, Interior Health Authority, Provincial Health Services Authority, Northern Health Authority, Ottawa Heart Institute, TEACH (Centre for Addiction and Mental Health), Pfizer, Johnson and Johnson, College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia, Quitnow Services, and Canadian Mental Health Association.
Funding
The authors have no financial relationships with commercial interests with regard to this manuscript. Dr. Okoli has received consultation fees from Pfizer, a manufacturer of smoking cessation pharmacotherapy, and is a paid consultant with Vancouver Coastal Health Authority. Dr. Khara has received unrestricted research funding, speaker’s honoraria, consultation fees, or product from the following organizations/companies: Health Canada, Interior Health Authority, Provincial Health Services Authority, Northern Health Authority, Ottawa Heart Institute, TEACH (Centre for Addiction and Mental Health), Pfizer, Johnson and Johnson, College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia, Quitnow Services, and Canadian Mental Health Association.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia | |
| Interior Health Authority | |
| Northern Norway Regional Health Authority | |
| Quitnow Services | |
| Pfizer | |
| Johnson and Johnson | |
| University of Ottawa Heart Institute Foundation | |
| Health Canada | |
| Canadian Mental Health Association | |
| Provincial Health Services Authority |
Keywords
- Behavioral counseling
- Co-occurring disorders
- Pharmacotherapy
- Psychiatric disorders
- Substance use disorders
- Tobacco treatment
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Psychiatry and Mental health
