Abstract
Motivation: SNAPSHOT USA is an annual, multicontributor camera trap survey of mammals across the United States. The growing SNAPSHOT USA dataset is intended for tracking the spatial and temporal responses of mammal populations to changes in land use, land cover and climate. These data will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, as well as the impacts of species interactions on daily activity patterns. Main Types of Variables Contained: SNAPSHOT USA 2019–2023 contains 987,979 records of camera trap image sequence data and 9694 records of camera trap deployment metadata. Spatial Location and Grain: Data were collected across the United States of America in all 50 states, 12 ecoregions and many ecosystems. Time Period and Grain: Data were collected between 1st August and 29th December each year from 2019 to 2023. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement: The dataset includes a wide range of taxa but is primarily focused on medium to large mammals. Software Format: SNAPSHOT USA 2019–2023 comprises two.csv files. The original data can be found within the SNAPSHOT USA Initiative in the Wildlife Insights platform.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | e13941 |
| Journal | Global Ecology and Biogeography |
| Volume | 34 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 2025 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Funding
: Stephanie Sell; : Rose Brown, Brent Heatherly; : Sky Island Alliance volunteers; : P. Satterfield, N. Reck, Santa Rita Experimental Range; : CSDP's Desert Monitor and Desert Identifier volunteers; : H. Cassidy, K. Diel, A. Gobei\u2010Bacaylan, A. Rogers, I. Turner and K. Vaca; : Sierra Meadows and California Fish and Wildlife Department; : Tay Franklin, Raine Kates and Jade Debie; : Trent Lundberg, Parker Hintzman, Sierra Stephensen, Richard Parks, Jordan Rose, Arelly Ibarra and Divina Gutierrez; : Residents of Redstone Estates; : Robert Bagchi; : Students in the honours section of ENWC201; : J. Gerardi, T. Golden, P. Niebanck and K. Pearson; : Samantha Nunn, Peyton Niebanck, Nicole Rita; : Alachua County Preserves, City of Gainesville Nature Parks and the 2022\u20132023 cohort of camera trap interns from the University of Florida Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation; : Jeremy Dixon and staff at US Fish and Wildlife Service at Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge and National Key Deer Refuge; : Project Leader Chris Eggleston and Deputy Project Leader Greg Bowling; : Catherine Ricketts and Charles Oliver at The Nature Conservancy's Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve; : The Jones Center at Ichauway; : Anna Cronan, Kim Nguyen, Phyllip Ramey and Nicole Scibilia, University of North Georgia's Biology Department; : Grace Camp, Dalton Blue, the Conservation Biology course at the University of West Georgia; : Living Building VIP Biodiversity Team at Georgia Institute of Technology; : Bear Creek Nature Center, Director Norma Lewis, and volunteers Tony Prater and Savannah Fincher; : Anna Berg, Biology Department Bradley University, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Jubilee College State Park; : BIOL365 students; : FHSU Mammalogy classes of 2022 and 2023, The Nature Conservancy; : The Murray State University Student Chapter of The Wildlife Society; : Edgartown School 7th grade students and teachers, West Tisbury School 7th grade students and teachers, Charter School 7th and 8th grade students and teachers, Edgartown Golf Club MASS Department of Conservation and Recreation, Town of Edgartown, Town of West Tisbury, Keren Tonnesen, Sharon Pearson, Nicola Blake, Christina James Malfer, Penny Uhlendorf, Scott Stephens, Nancy Weaver, Chris Seidel, Isabel Sullivan, Ulrike Wartner and Dave Wilson; : Tufts MCM class of 2023; : NMU Biology Department; : Eric Dunton, Rose Stewart, Jennifer Owen, Kevin Gardner, Micah Jordan; : MWSU students Grace Allen, Theresa Bell, Bre Eison, Boaz Evans, Emily Gunn, Zachary Hendrickson, Terence Mercado, Amadeu Pavini, Chenoah Reeder, Kyla Spradlin, Katie Thompson, Savannah Vulgamott, Sonja Weber and Brandi Wellman; : Kirsten Cook, Itai Namir; : Grandfather Mountain Stewardship Foundation; : Jenna Tullis, Hunter Comeford, Tyler Cumming, Anthony Sapino; : M&M Ranch and Reserve; : North Carolina State University, North Carolina State Parks; : UND Biology Department, UND Field Stations, Ducks Unlimited Inc., Lynda LaFond and Wildlife Techniques class; : Students in 2023 UNL\u2010SNR Mammalogy Class NRES 476/876; : Rumney Ecological Systems; : Kendall Eldredge; : Students in the ENMU Fall 2023 Mammalogy Lab (BIOL 431\u2009L); : Tule Springs Fossil Bed National Monument; : Tina Barrett, Kaitlin Furu, Sofia Natasi, Jean\u2010luc Plante, Jay Schoen, Ferdie Yau; : Cranberry Lake Biological Station, Julianna Anglada, Melody Espinoza, H. Brian Underwood; : Jean\u2010luc Plante & Tina Barrett; : Albany Pine Bush Preserve, Dyken Pond Environmental Education Center, Rachel Riemann, Siena College, Lauren Costello, Chase Martino, Katherine Bisset, Shaelin Digioia, Liam Dowdall, Carter Emerson, Ashlee Jensis, Anna King, Jovon Linton, Cole Raczynski, Lila Ribero, Colin Roggenstein, Dominic Rosone, Rosemarie Russo, Lucas Spire, Caitlin Welch, Noah Blocher, Laura Brandmeier, Tiffany Chen, Brady Dufour, George Janeczko, Charlotte Lussier, Jason Meyer, Sarah Moriarty, Kiara Reynolds, Anthony Santavicca, Noah Savastio, Alex Smith, Matthew Walter; : Rebecca Kaminski, Makayla Lipps, Chase Hetrick, Sydney Gardner, Mikayla Timbrook, Ariana Ault; : Ben Murley and Bailey Kleeberg; : Brad Turley, Carolina Wildlands Foundation; : Students of WL 411: Principles of Wildlife Management, landowners around Brookings; : Michaela Peterson, Iman Byndloss, Estelle Shaya, Tara Stanley; : Doe Mountain Recreation Area, Autumn Groesbeck, Shawn Lindsey; : Lincoln Memorial University Mammalogy Course; : Zach Bellow, Cameron Starnes, Palo Pinto Mountains State Park, Texas Parks & Wildlife, Palo Pinto County Municipal Water District No. 1; : Brody Larkin, Hunter Hopkins, Chip Ruthven; : Ethen Menzel; : Nolan Clark; : US Fish and Wildlife Service and Aransas National Wildlife Refuge; : Sageland Collaborative, the Science Research Initiative at the University of Utah, Utah's Hogle Zoo, Salt Lake City's Trails and Natural Lands Division, and the Wasatch Wildlife Watch; : Kara Mathews & Sydney Reagle; : Fall 2022 Introduction to Ecology class at University of Richmond; : Fall 2022 Wildlife Ecology and Management class at Bridgewater College; : Students in the Fall 2023 Biodiversity and Conservation Course; : The Watershed Center; : Mark Jordan and students at Seattle University, Brianna Widner and community science volunteers at Woodland Park Zoo; : Bridle Trails State Park, Lindsey Swank; : Vashon wildcam volunteers and land owners, Keta Legacy Foundation; : Port Gamble S'Klallam Tribe and Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe; : Snapshot Wisconsin trail camera hosts and Zooniverse classifiers; : Students in West Virginia University WMAN 300 and the Rota Quantitative Ecology Lab; : J. Holbrook and D. Bennett. AK AR AZ AZ AZ CA CA CA CA CO CT DE FL FL FL FL FL FL GA GA GA GA GA IL IL KS KY MA MA MI MI MO MT NC NC NC NC ND NE NH NJ NM NV NY NY NY NY OH OK SC SD TN TN TN TX TX TX TX TX UT VA VA VA VA VT WA WA WA WA WI WV WY This paper was written and prepared, in part, by U.S. Government employees on official time, and therefore, it is in the public domain and not subject to copyright. This research was supported, in part, by the USDA Forest Service. The findings and conclusions in this publication are those of the author(s) and should not be construed to represent an official USDA, Forest Service, or U.S. Government determination or policy.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Ducks Unlimited Inc. | |
| Wasatch Wildlife Watch | |
| Illinois Department of Natural Resources | |
| Carolina Wildlands Foundation | |
| Center for the Study of Democratic Politics, Princeton University | |
| Port Gamble S'Klallam Tribe and Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe | |
| Charter School 7th | |
| NMU Biology Department | |
| MWSU | |
| Jones Center at Ichauway | |
| Aransas National Wildlife Refuge | |
| Bear Creek Nature Center | |
| Keta Legacy Foundation | |
| West Tisbury School 7th | |
| Edgartown School 7th | |
| University of West Georgia | |
| Nature Conservancy | |
| University of Utah Health | |
| U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Forest Service | |
| Wildlife Conservation Society | |
| University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University | |
| Palo Pinto County Municipal Water District | |
| Jubilee College State Park | |
| U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service | |
| North Carolina State Parks | |
| FHSU | |
| University of Florida Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation | |
| Texas Parks and Wildlife Department | |
| Seattle University | |
| California Department of Fish and Wildlife | ENWC201 |
| California Department of Fish and Wildlife |
Keywords
- Carnivora
- Cetartiodactyla
- Lagomorpha
- Rodentia
- annual survey
- biodiversity
- biogeography
- camera traps
- mammals
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Global and Planetary Change
- Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
- Ecology
