Social and Neighborhood Context Moderates the Associations Between Processing Speed and Driving Mobility: A 10-year Analysis of the ACTIVE Study

Caitlin N. Pope; Katie M. Wheeler; Tyler R. Bell; Brooke E. Carroll; Lesley A. Ross; Michael Crowe; Shelia R. Black; Olivio J. Clay; Karlene K. Ball

doi:10.1177/08982643231163907

Social and Neighborhood Context Moderates the Associations Between Processing Speed and Driving Mobility: A 10-year Analysis of the ACTIVE Study

Caitlin N. Pope, Katie M. Wheeler, Tyler R. Bell, Brooke E. Carroll, Lesley A. Ross, Michael Crowe, Shelia R. Black, Olivio J. Clay, Karlene K. Ball

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objectives: Processing speed is essential to functional independence in later life, such as driving a vehicle. Few studies have examined processing speed and driving mobility in the context of racial differences and social determinants of health (SDoH). This study characterized the longitudinal association between processing speed and driving mobility, and how it varied by race and SDoH. Methods: Using data from the control arm of the Advanced Cognitive Training in Vital Elderly study (n = 581, 24.5% Black), multilevel models examined longitudinal associations between processing speed and driving mobility outcomes (driving space, exposure, and difficulty). Race and SDoH moderations were explored. Results: Decline in processing speed measures was associated with increased self-reported driving difficulty, but only for older adults with below-average to average scores for neighborhood and built environments and social community context SDoH domains. Discussion: Findings emphasize the influence of physical and social environmental characteristics on processing speed and driving mobility.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	26S-39S
Journal	Journal of Aging and Health
Volume	35
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1177/08982643231163907
State	Published - Oct 2023

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2023.

Funding

We thank the University of Kentucky Department of Health, Behavior and Society, the University of Kentucky Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women’s Health (BIRCWH) Program, and the University of Alabama at Birmingham Core for Research on Applied Gerontology for support with preparing this manuscript. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the National Institute on Aging (R01AG054520). The ACTIVE intervention trials were supported by grants from the National Institute on Aging and the National Institute of Nursing Research to Hebrew Senior Life (U01NR04507), Indiana University School of Medicine (U01NR04508), Johns Hopkins University (U01AG14260), New England Research Institutes (U01AG14282), Pennsylvania State University (U01AG14263), the University of Alabama at Birmingham (U01AG14289), and the University of Florida (U01AG14276). Subsequently, this work was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health for a 20-year follow-up of the ACTIVE Trial (R01 AG056486; Willis and Rebok, MPIs) as well as an Administrative Supplement to this grant to examine SDoH for some outcome measures. Dr. Caitlin Pope is supported by a research career development award (K12DA035150: Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women’s Health Program-BIRCWH) from the National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women’s Health and the National Institute on Drug Abuse. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the National Institute on Aging (R01AG054520). The ACTIVE intervention trials were supported by grants from the National Institute on Aging and the National Institute of Nursing Research to Hebrew Senior Life (U01NR04507), Indiana University School of Medicine (U01NR04508), Johns Hopkins University (U01AG14260), New England Research Institutes (U01AG14282), Pennsylvania State University (U01AG14263), the University of Alabama at Birmingham (U01AG14289), and the University of Florida (U01AG14276). Subsequently, this work was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health for a 20-year follow-up of the ACTIVE Trial (R01 AG056486; Willis and Rebok, MPIs) as well as an Administrative Supplement to this grant to examine SDoH for some outcome measures. Dr. Caitlin Pope is supported by a research career development award (K12DA035150: Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women’s Health Program-BIRCWH) from the National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women’s Health and the National Institute on Drug Abuse. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

Funders	Funder number
NIDA BIRCWH
Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women’s Health Program-BIRCWH
MPIs	K12DA035150
National Institute of Nursing Research to Hebrew	U01NR04507
National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women’s Health
University of Alabama at Birmingham Core for Research on Applied Gerontology
University of Kentucky Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women’s Health
Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotions in University of Kentucky
National Institutes of Health (NIH)	R01 AG056486
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Author National Institute on Drug Abuse DA031791 Mark J Ferris National Institute on Drug Abuse DA006634 Mark J Ferris National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism AA026117 Mark J Ferris National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism AA028162 Elizabeth G Pitts National Institute of General Medical Sciences GM102773 Elizabeth G Pitts Peter McManus Charitable Trust Mark J Ferris National Institute on Drug Abuse
National Institute on Aging	R01AG054520
National Institute on Aging
Florida AandM University and Florida State University	U01AG14276
Florida AandM University and Florida State University
The Johns Hopkins University	U01AG14260
The Johns Hopkins University
The Pennsylvania State University	U01AG14263
The Pennsylvania State University
University of Alabama, Birmingham	U01AG14289
University of Alabama, Birmingham
Indiana University School of Medicine	U01NR04508
Indiana University School of Medicine
New England Research Institutes	U01AG14282
New England Research Institutes

Keywords

cognition
driving mobility
everyday functioning
older drivers
social determinants

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Health(social science)
Sociology and Political Science
Life-span and Life-course Studies

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1177/08982643231163907

Cite this

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title = "Social and Neighborhood Context Moderates the Associations Between Processing Speed and Driving Mobility: A 10-year Analysis of the ACTIVE Study",

abstract = "Objectives: Processing speed is essential to functional independence in later life, such as driving a vehicle. Few studies have examined processing speed and driving mobility in the context of racial differences and social determinants of health (SDoH). This study characterized the longitudinal association between processing speed and driving mobility, and how it varied by race and SDoH. Methods: Using data from the control arm of the Advanced Cognitive Training in Vital Elderly study (n = 581, 24.5\% Black), multilevel models examined longitudinal associations between processing speed and driving mobility outcomes (driving space, exposure, and difficulty). Race and SDoH moderations were explored. Results: Decline in processing speed measures was associated with increased self-reported driving difficulty, but only for older adults with below-average to average scores for neighborhood and built environments and social community context SDoH domains. Discussion: Findings emphasize the influence of physical and social environmental characteristics on processing speed and driving mobility.",

keywords = "cognition, driving mobility, everyday functioning, older drivers, social determinants",

author = "Pope, \{Caitlin N.\} and Wheeler, \{Katie M.\} and Bell, \{Tyler R.\} and Carroll, \{Brooke E.\} and Ross, \{Lesley A.\} and Michael Crowe and Black, \{Shelia R.\} and Clay, \{Olivio J.\} and Ball, \{Karlene K.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2023.",

year = "2023",

month = oct,

doi = "10.1177/08982643231163907",

language = "English",

volume = "35",

pages = "26S--39S",

}

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T1 - Social and Neighborhood Context Moderates the Associations Between Processing Speed and Driving Mobility

T2 - A 10-year Analysis of the ACTIVE Study

AU - Pope, Caitlin N.

AU - Wheeler, Katie M.

AU - Bell, Tyler R.

AU - Carroll, Brooke E.

AU - Ross, Lesley A.

AU - Crowe, Michael

AU - Black, Shelia R.

AU - Clay, Olivio J.

AU - Ball, Karlene K.

PY - 2023/10

Y1 - 2023/10

N2 - Objectives: Processing speed is essential to functional independence in later life, such as driving a vehicle. Few studies have examined processing speed and driving mobility in the context of racial differences and social determinants of health (SDoH). This study characterized the longitudinal association between processing speed and driving mobility, and how it varied by race and SDoH. Methods: Using data from the control arm of the Advanced Cognitive Training in Vital Elderly study (n = 581, 24.5% Black), multilevel models examined longitudinal associations between processing speed and driving mobility outcomes (driving space, exposure, and difficulty). Race and SDoH moderations were explored. Results: Decline in processing speed measures was associated with increased self-reported driving difficulty, but only for older adults with below-average to average scores for neighborhood and built environments and social community context SDoH domains. Discussion: Findings emphasize the influence of physical and social environmental characteristics on processing speed and driving mobility.

AB - Objectives: Processing speed is essential to functional independence in later life, such as driving a vehicle. Few studies have examined processing speed and driving mobility in the context of racial differences and social determinants of health (SDoH). This study characterized the longitudinal association between processing speed and driving mobility, and how it varied by race and SDoH. Methods: Using data from the control arm of the Advanced Cognitive Training in Vital Elderly study (n = 581, 24.5% Black), multilevel models examined longitudinal associations between processing speed and driving mobility outcomes (driving space, exposure, and difficulty). Race and SDoH moderations were explored. Results: Decline in processing speed measures was associated with increased self-reported driving difficulty, but only for older adults with below-average to average scores for neighborhood and built environments and social community context SDoH domains. Discussion: Findings emphasize the influence of physical and social environmental characteristics on processing speed and driving mobility.

KW - cognition

KW - driving mobility

KW - everyday functioning

KW - older drivers

KW - social determinants

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SN - 0898-2643

VL - 35

SP - 26S-39S

JO - Journal of Aging and Health

JF - Journal of Aging and Health

ER -

Social and Neighborhood Context Moderates the Associations Between Processing Speed and Driving Mobility: A 10-year Analysis of the ACTIVE Study

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

Access to Document

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