Solvent annealing of PbI2 for the high-quality crystallization of perovskite films for solar cells with efficiencies exceeding 18%

Yafei Wang; Shibin Li; Peng Zhang; Detao Liu; Xiangling Gu; Hojjatollah Sarvari; Zongbiao Ye; Jiang Wu; Zhiming Wang; Zhi David Chen

doi:10.1039/c6nr07076k

Solvent annealing of PbI₂ for the high-quality crystallization of perovskite films for solar cells with efficiencies exceeding 18%

Yafei Wang, Shibin Li, Peng Zhang, Detao Liu, Xiangling Gu, Hojjatollah Sarvari, Zongbiao Ye, Jiang Wu, Zhiming Wang, Zhi David Chen

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

88 Scopus citations

Abstract

While most work carried out to date has focused on the solvent annealing of perovskite, in the present work, we focused on the solvent annealing of lead iodide. Based on the two-step spin-coating method, we designed a screening method to search for an effective solvent annealing process for PbI₂. PbI₂ films were annealed in diverse solvent atmospheres, including DMF, DMSO, acetone, and isopropanol (IPA). We found that the solvent annealing of PbI₂ in the DMF, acetone, and IPA atmospheres resulted in dense PbI₂ films, which impeded the complete conversion of PbI₂ to CH₃NH₃PbI₃. Surprisingly, employing the DMSO solvent annealing process for PbI₂ led to porous PbI₂, which facilitated the complete conversion of PbI₂ to perovskite with larger grain sizes. Solar cells fabricated using the DMSO solvent annealing process exhibited the best efficiency of 18.5%, with a fill factor of 76.5%. This unique solvent annealing method presents a new way of controlling the perovskite film quality for highly efficient solar cells.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	19654-19661
Number of pages	8
Journal	Nanoscale
Volume	8
Issue number	47
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1039/c6nr07076k
State	Published - Dec 21 2016

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61474016 and 61405026, 61371046, 61421002, 6157031208, 61471085, and National Higher-education Institution General Research and Development Fund (ZYGX2014J044), Projects of International Cooperation of Sichuan Province (no. 2014HH0041). This work was also partially supported by the University of Kentucky and Advanced Semiconductor Processing Technology, LLC.

Funders	Funder number
International Cooperation of Sichuan Province	2014HH0041
National Higher-education Institution General Research and Development Fund	ZYGX2014J044
University of Kentucky and Advanced Semiconductor Processing Technology, LLC
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)	61471085, 61474016, 6157031208, 61371046, 61405026, 61421002

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Materials Science

Access to Document

10.1039/c6nr07076k

Cite this

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title = "Solvent annealing of PbI2 for the high-quality crystallization of perovskite films for solar cells with efficiencies exceeding 18%",

abstract = "While most work carried out to date has focused on the solvent annealing of perovskite, in the present work, we focused on the solvent annealing of lead iodide. Based on the two-step spin-coating method, we designed a screening method to search for an effective solvent annealing process for PbI2. PbI2 films were annealed in diverse solvent atmospheres, including DMF, DMSO, acetone, and isopropanol (IPA). We found that the solvent annealing of PbI2 in the DMF, acetone, and IPA atmospheres resulted in dense PbI2 films, which impeded the complete conversion of PbI2 to CH3NH3PbI3. Surprisingly, employing the DMSO solvent annealing process for PbI2 led to porous PbI2, which facilitated the complete conversion of PbI2 to perovskite with larger grain sizes. Solar cells fabricated using the DMSO solvent annealing process exhibited the best efficiency of 18.5%, with a fill factor of 76.5%. This unique solvent annealing method presents a new way of controlling the perovskite film quality for highly efficient solar cells.",

author = "Yafei Wang and Shibin Li and Peng Zhang and Detao Liu and Xiangling Gu and Hojjatollah Sarvari and Zongbiao Ye and Jiang Wu and Zhiming Wang and Chen, {Zhi David}",

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AU - Wang, Yafei

AU - Li, Shibin

AU - Zhang, Peng

AU - Liu, Detao

AU - Gu, Xiangling

AU - Sarvari, Hojjatollah

AU - Ye, Zongbiao

AU - Wu, Jiang

AU - Wang, Zhiming

AU - Chen, Zhi David

PY - 2016/12/21

Y1 - 2016/12/21

N2 - While most work carried out to date has focused on the solvent annealing of perovskite, in the present work, we focused on the solvent annealing of lead iodide. Based on the two-step spin-coating method, we designed a screening method to search for an effective solvent annealing process for PbI2. PbI2 films were annealed in diverse solvent atmospheres, including DMF, DMSO, acetone, and isopropanol (IPA). We found that the solvent annealing of PbI2 in the DMF, acetone, and IPA atmospheres resulted in dense PbI2 films, which impeded the complete conversion of PbI2 to CH3NH3PbI3. Surprisingly, employing the DMSO solvent annealing process for PbI2 led to porous PbI2, which facilitated the complete conversion of PbI2 to perovskite with larger grain sizes. Solar cells fabricated using the DMSO solvent annealing process exhibited the best efficiency of 18.5%, with a fill factor of 76.5%. This unique solvent annealing method presents a new way of controlling the perovskite film quality for highly efficient solar cells.

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