TY - JOUR
T1 - Sources of Self-Efficacy in school
T2 - Critical review of the literature and future directions
AU - Usher, Ellen L.
AU - Pajares, Frank
PY - 2008/12
Y1 - 2008/12
N2 - The purpose of this review was threefold. First, the theorized sources of self-efficacy beliefs proposed by A. Bandura (1986) are described and explained, including how they are typically assessed and analyzed. Second, findings from investigations of these sources in academic contexts are reviewed and critiqued, and problems and oversights in current research and in conceptualizations of the sources are identified. Although mastery experience is typically the most influential source of self-efficacy, the strength and influence of the sources differ as a function of contextual factors such as gender, ethnicity, academic ability, and academic domain. Finally, suggestions are offered to help guide researchers investigating the psychological mechanisms at work in the formation of self-efficacy beliefs in academic contexts.
AB - The purpose of this review was threefold. First, the theorized sources of self-efficacy beliefs proposed by A. Bandura (1986) are described and explained, including how they are typically assessed and analyzed. Second, findings from investigations of these sources in academic contexts are reviewed and critiqued, and problems and oversights in current research and in conceptualizations of the sources are identified. Although mastery experience is typically the most influential source of self-efficacy, the strength and influence of the sources differ as a function of contextual factors such as gender, ethnicity, academic ability, and academic domain. Finally, suggestions are offered to help guide researchers investigating the psychological mechanisms at work in the formation of self-efficacy beliefs in academic contexts.
KW - Motivation
KW - Self-concept
KW - Self-efficacy
KW - Sources of self-efficacy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=63849205314&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=63849205314&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3102/0034654308321456
DO - 10.3102/0034654308321456
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:63849205314
SN - 0034-6543
VL - 78
SP - 751
EP - 796
JO - Review of Educational Research
JF - Review of Educational Research
IS - 4
ER -