TY - JOUR
T1 - Spectroscopic and computational investigation of second-sphere contributions to redox tuning in Escherichia coli iron superoxide dismutase
AU - Grove, Laurie E.
AU - Xie, Juan
AU - Yikilmaz, Emine
AU - Miller, Anne Frances
AU - Brunold, Thomas C.
PY - 2008/5/19
Y1 - 2008/5/19
N2 - In Fe- and Mn-dependent superoxide dismutases (SODs), second-sphere residues have been implicated in precisely tuning the metal ion reduction potential to maximize catalytic activity (Vance, C. K.; Miller, A.-F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 461-467). In the present study, spectroscopic and computational methods were used to characterize three distinct Fe-bound SOD species that possess different second-coordination spheres and, consequently, Fe3+/2+ reduction potentials that vary by ∼1 V, namely, FeSOD, Fe-substituted MnSOD (Fe(Mn)SOD), and the Q69E FeSOD mutant. Despite having markedly different metal ion reduction potentials, FeSOD, Fe(Mn)SOD, and Q69E FeSOD exhibit virtually identical electronic absorption, circular dichroism, and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra in both their oxidized and reduced states. Likewise, variable-temperature, variable-field MCD data obtained for the oxidized and reduced species do not reveal any significant electronic, and thus geometric, variations within the Fe ligand environment. To gain insight into the mechanism of metal ion redox tuning, complete enzyme models for the oxidized and reduced states of all three Fe-bound SOD species were generated using combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) geometry optimizations. Consistent with our spectroscopic data, density functional theory computations performed on the corresponding active-site models predict that the three SOD species share similar active-site electronic structures in both their oxidized and reduced states. By using the QM/MM-optimized active-site models in conjunction with the conductor-like screening model to calculate the proton-coupled Fe3+/2+ reduction potentials, we found that different hydrogen-bonding interactions with the conserved second-sphere Gln (changed to Glu in Q69E FeSOD) greatly perturb the pK of the Fe-bound solvent ligand and, thus, drastically affect the proton-coupled metal ion reduction potential.
AB - In Fe- and Mn-dependent superoxide dismutases (SODs), second-sphere residues have been implicated in precisely tuning the metal ion reduction potential to maximize catalytic activity (Vance, C. K.; Miller, A.-F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 461-467). In the present study, spectroscopic and computational methods were used to characterize three distinct Fe-bound SOD species that possess different second-coordination spheres and, consequently, Fe3+/2+ reduction potentials that vary by ∼1 V, namely, FeSOD, Fe-substituted MnSOD (Fe(Mn)SOD), and the Q69E FeSOD mutant. Despite having markedly different metal ion reduction potentials, FeSOD, Fe(Mn)SOD, and Q69E FeSOD exhibit virtually identical electronic absorption, circular dichroism, and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra in both their oxidized and reduced states. Likewise, variable-temperature, variable-field MCD data obtained for the oxidized and reduced species do not reveal any significant electronic, and thus geometric, variations within the Fe ligand environment. To gain insight into the mechanism of metal ion redox tuning, complete enzyme models for the oxidized and reduced states of all three Fe-bound SOD species were generated using combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) geometry optimizations. Consistent with our spectroscopic data, density functional theory computations performed on the corresponding active-site models predict that the three SOD species share similar active-site electronic structures in both their oxidized and reduced states. By using the QM/MM-optimized active-site models in conjunction with the conductor-like screening model to calculate the proton-coupled Fe3+/2+ reduction potentials, we found that different hydrogen-bonding interactions with the conserved second-sphere Gln (changed to Glu in Q69E FeSOD) greatly perturb the pK of the Fe-bound solvent ligand and, thus, drastically affect the proton-coupled metal ion reduction potential.
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U2 - 10.1021/ic702412y
DO - 10.1021/ic702412y
M3 - Article
C2 - 18433120
AN - SCOPUS:43649099121
SN - 0020-1669
VL - 47
SP - 3978
EP - 3992
JO - Inorganic Chemistry
JF - Inorganic Chemistry
IS - 10
ER -