Abstract
Spreading depolarizations may contribute to delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, but the effect of spreading depolarizations on brain lesion progression after subarachnoid hemorrhage has not yet been assessed directly. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that artificially induced spreading depolarizations increase brain tissue damage in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Subarachnoid hemorrhage was induced by endovascular puncture of the right internal carotid bifurcation. After one day, brain tissue damage was measured with T 2 -weighted MRI, followed by application of 1 M KCl (SD group, N = 16) or saline (no-SD group, N = 16) to the right cortex. Cortical laser-Doppler flowmetry was performed to record spreading depolarizations. MRI was repeated on day 3, after which brains were extracted for assessment of subarachnoid hemorrhage severity and histological damage. 5.0 ± 2.7 spreading depolarizations were recorded in the SD group. Subarachnoid hemorrhage severity and mortality were similar between the SD and no-SD groups. Subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced brain lesions expanded between days 1 and 3. This lesion growth was larger in the SD group (241 ± 233mm3) than in the no-SD group (29 ± 54mm3) (p = 0.001). We conclude that induction of spreading depolarizations significantly advances lesion growth after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Our study underscores the pathophysiological consequence of spreading depolarizations in the development of delayed cerebral tissue injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1224-1231 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism |
Volume | 36 |
Issue number | 7 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jul 1 2016 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Dr Wermer was supported by personal grants from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (ZonMW Veni grant), the Netherlands Heart Foundation (2011T055) and the Dutch Brain Foundation (project 2011(1)-102). This work was partly supported by the Utrecht University High Potential Program (R.M.D.) and the EU Marie Curie IAPP Program ''BRAINPATH'' (nr 612360) (A.M.J.M.v.d.M.) and the American Heart Association (A.M.S.).
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2015.
Keywords
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage
- animal models
- brain imaging
- magnetic resonance
- spreading depression
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Neurology
- Clinical Neurology
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine