Striatal Damage and Oxidative Stress Induced by the Mitochondrial Toxin Malonate Are Reduced in Clorgyline-Treated Rats and MAO-A Deficient Mice

William F. Maragos, Kristie L. Young, Chris S. Altman, Chava B. Pocernich, Jennifer Drake, D. Allan Butterfield, Isabelle Seif, Daniel P. Holschneider, Kevin Chen, Jean C. Shih

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

48 Scopus citations

Abstract

Intrastriatal administration of the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitor malonate produces neuronal injury by a "secondary excitotoxic" mechanism involving the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent evidence indicates dopamine may contribute to malonate-induced striatal neurodegeneration; infusion of malonate causes a pronounced increase in extracellular dopamine and dopamine deafferentation attenuates malonate toxicity. Inhibition of the catabolic enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) also attenuates striatal lesions induced by malonate. In addition to forming 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, metabolism of dopamine by MAO generates H 2O2, suggesting that dopamine metabolism may be a source of ROS in malonate toxicity. There are two isoforms of MAO, MAO-A and MAO-B. In this study, we have investigated the role of each isozyme in malonate-induced striatal injury using both pharmacological and genetic approaches. In rats treated with either of the specific MAO-A or -B inhibitors, clorgyline or deprenyl, respectively, malonate lesion volumes were reduced by 30% compared to controls. In knock-out mice lacking the MAO-A isoform, malonate-induced lesions were reduced by 50% and protein carbonyls, an index ROS formation, were reduced by 11%, compared to wild-type animals. In contrast, mice deficient in MAO-B showed highly variable susceptibility to malonate toxicity precluding us from determining the precise role of MAO-B in this form of brain damage. These findings indicate that normal levels of MAO-A participate in expression of malonate toxicity by a mechanism involving oxidative stress.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)741-746
Number of pages6
JournalNeurochemical Research
Volume29
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 2004

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by NIH grants NS42111 (W. F. M.), MH39085 (J. C. S.), AG-10836 and AG-05119 (D. A. B.) and EB00300 (D.B.H.) Support from the Boyd and Elsie Welin Professorship (J. C. S.) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (I. S.) is also appreciated.

Keywords

  • Dopamine
  • Huntington's disease
  • Malonate
  • Mitochondria
  • Monoamine oxidase
  • Reactive oxygen species

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Biochemistry
  • Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

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