Structure and mechanical properties of electroplated mossy lithium: Effects of current density and electrolyte

Yikai Wang; Dingying Dang; Xingcheng Xiao; Yang Tse Cheng

doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2020.01.004

Structure and mechanical properties of electroplated mossy lithium: Effects of current density and electrolyte

Yikai Wang, Dingying Dang, Xingcheng Xiao, Yang Tse Cheng

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

8 Scopus citations

Abstract

Mechanical suppression, e.g., by applying stack pressures and using functionalized coatings, has been considered a promising approach to inhibit the formation of lithium (Li) dendrites and improve the cycling stability of the Li metal electrode. However, a lack of understanding of the mechanical behavior of electroplated mossy Li, consisting of loosely packed Li dendrites that are covered by solid electrolyte interphase, hinders the development of mechanical suppression strategies and limits the understanding of the electromechanical behavior of mossy Li. In this study, we investigated, using flat punch indentation in an argon-filled glovebox, the room temperature mechanical behavior and its relationship with the microstructure of mossy Li electroplated using different current densities (between 0.25 and 10 mA/cm²) in several electrolytes. The dendrite size decreases and the porosity of mossy Li increases with increasing current density. Mossy Li has lower Young's modulus (E) but significantly higher creep resistance than bulk Li. A scaling relationship between E and porosity is established for mossy Li. The creep behavior of mossy Li exhibits a strong size effect, i.e., the steady-state impression velocity decreases with decreasing dendrite size. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical behavior of mossy Li.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	276-282
Number of pages	7
Journal	Energy Storage Materials
Volume	26
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2020.01.004
State	Published - Apr 2020

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work is supported by the Vehicle Technologies Office of the U.S. Department of Energy Battery Materials Research (BMR) Program under Contract Number DE-EE0007787 and the National Science Foundation Award No. 1355438 . The work performed at the University of Kentucky was also supported by Mercedes-Benz Research & Development North America, Inc. The authors would like to thank Tobias Glossmann and Stephen J. Harris for helpful discussions. Appendix A

Funding Information:
This work is supported by the Vehicle Technologies Office of the U.S. Department of Energy Battery Materials Research (BMR) Program under Contract Number DE-EE0007787 and the National Science Foundation Award No. 1355438. The work performed at the University of Kentucky was also supported by Mercedes-Benz Research & Development North America, Inc. The authors would like to thank Tobias Glossmann and Stephen J. Harris for helpful discussions.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier B.V.

Keywords

Creep
Lithium metal electrode
Mechanical behavior
Porosity
Size effect

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Materials Science (all)
Energy Engineering and Power Technology

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.ensm.2020.01.004

Cite this

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title = "Structure and mechanical properties of electroplated mossy lithium: Effects of current density and electrolyte",

abstract = "Mechanical suppression, e.g., by applying stack pressures and using functionalized coatings, has been considered a promising approach to inhibit the formation of lithium (Li) dendrites and improve the cycling stability of the Li metal electrode. However, a lack of understanding of the mechanical behavior of electroplated mossy Li, consisting of loosely packed Li dendrites that are covered by solid electrolyte interphase, hinders the development of mechanical suppression strategies and limits the understanding of the electromechanical behavior of mossy Li. In this study, we investigated, using flat punch indentation in an argon-filled glovebox, the room temperature mechanical behavior and its relationship with the microstructure of mossy Li electroplated using different current densities (between 0.25 and 10 mA/cm2) in several electrolytes. The dendrite size decreases and the porosity of mossy Li increases with increasing current density. Mossy Li has lower Young's modulus (E) but significantly higher creep resistance than bulk Li. A scaling relationship between E and porosity is established for mossy Li. The creep behavior of mossy Li exhibits a strong size effect, i.e., the steady-state impression velocity decreases with decreasing dendrite size. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical behavior of mossy Li.",

keywords = "Creep, Lithium metal electrode, Mechanical behavior, Porosity, Size effect",

author = "Yikai Wang and Dingying Dang and Xingcheng Xiao and Cheng, {Yang Tse}",

note = "Funding Information: This work is supported by the Vehicle Technologies Office of the U.S. Department of Energy Battery Materials Research (BMR) Program under Contract Number DE-EE0007787 and the National Science Foundation Award No. 1355438 . The work performed at the University of Kentucky was also supported by Mercedes-Benz Research & Development North America, Inc. The authors would like to thank Tobias Glossmann and Stephen J. Harris for helpful discussions. Appendix A Funding Information: This work is supported by the Vehicle Technologies Office of the U.S. Department of Energy Battery Materials Research (BMR) Program under Contract Number DE-EE0007787 and the National Science Foundation Award No. 1355438. The work performed at the University of Kentucky was also supported by Mercedes-Benz Research & Development North America, Inc. The authors would like to thank Tobias Glossmann and Stephen J. Harris for helpful discussions. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Elsevier B.V.",

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doi = "10.1016/j.ensm.2020.01.004",

language = "English",

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N1 - Funding Information: This work is supported by the Vehicle Technologies Office of the U.S. Department of Energy Battery Materials Research (BMR) Program under Contract Number DE-EE0007787 and the National Science Foundation Award No. 1355438 . The work performed at the University of Kentucky was also supported by Mercedes-Benz Research & Development North America, Inc. The authors would like to thank Tobias Glossmann and Stephen J. Harris for helpful discussions. Appendix A Funding Information: This work is supported by the Vehicle Technologies Office of the U.S. Department of Energy Battery Materials Research (BMR) Program under Contract Number DE-EE0007787 and the National Science Foundation Award No. 1355438. The work performed at the University of Kentucky was also supported by Mercedes-Benz Research & Development North America, Inc. The authors would like to thank Tobias Glossmann and Stephen J. Harris for helpful discussions. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 Elsevier B.V.

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N2 - Mechanical suppression, e.g., by applying stack pressures and using functionalized coatings, has been considered a promising approach to inhibit the formation of lithium (Li) dendrites and improve the cycling stability of the Li metal electrode. However, a lack of understanding of the mechanical behavior of electroplated mossy Li, consisting of loosely packed Li dendrites that are covered by solid electrolyte interphase, hinders the development of mechanical suppression strategies and limits the understanding of the electromechanical behavior of mossy Li. In this study, we investigated, using flat punch indentation in an argon-filled glovebox, the room temperature mechanical behavior and its relationship with the microstructure of mossy Li electroplated using different current densities (between 0.25 and 10 mA/cm2) in several electrolytes. The dendrite size decreases and the porosity of mossy Li increases with increasing current density. Mossy Li has lower Young's modulus (E) but significantly higher creep resistance than bulk Li. A scaling relationship between E and porosity is established for mossy Li. The creep behavior of mossy Li exhibits a strong size effect, i.e., the steady-state impression velocity decreases with decreasing dendrite size. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical behavior of mossy Li.

AB - Mechanical suppression, e.g., by applying stack pressures and using functionalized coatings, has been considered a promising approach to inhibit the formation of lithium (Li) dendrites and improve the cycling stability of the Li metal electrode. However, a lack of understanding of the mechanical behavior of electroplated mossy Li, consisting of loosely packed Li dendrites that are covered by solid electrolyte interphase, hinders the development of mechanical suppression strategies and limits the understanding of the electromechanical behavior of mossy Li. In this study, we investigated, using flat punch indentation in an argon-filled glovebox, the room temperature mechanical behavior and its relationship with the microstructure of mossy Li electroplated using different current densities (between 0.25 and 10 mA/cm2) in several electrolytes. The dendrite size decreases and the porosity of mossy Li increases with increasing current density. Mossy Li has lower Young's modulus (E) but significantly higher creep resistance than bulk Li. A scaling relationship between E and porosity is established for mossy Li. The creep behavior of mossy Li exhibits a strong size effect, i.e., the steady-state impression velocity decreases with decreasing dendrite size. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical behavior of mossy Li.

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Structure and mechanical properties of electroplated mossy lithium: Effects of current density and electrolyte

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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