Sulbactam-durlobactam: A novel β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combination targeting carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is a difficult-to-treat nosocomial pathogen responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Sulbactam-durlobactam (SUL-DUR), formerly ETX2514SUL, is a novel β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor designed specifically for the treatment of CRAB infections. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) fast-track approval of SUL-DUR for the treatment of CRAB infections is currently pending after completion of the phase III ATTACK trial, which compared SUL-DUR to colistin, both in combination with imipenem-cilastatin (IMI) for patients with CRAB-associated hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and bacteremia. The results of this trial demonstrated that SUL-DUR was non-inferior to colistin for CRAB while also possessing a much more favorable safety profile. SUL-DUR was well-tolerated with the most common side effects being headache, nausea, and injection-site phlebitis. With the current landscape of limited effective treatment options for CRAB infections, SUL-DUR represents a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of these severe infections. This review will discuss the pharmacology, spectrum of activity, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, in vitro and clinical studies, safety, dosing, administration, as well as the potential role in therapy for SUL-DUR.