Superior photodynamic effect of carbon quantum dots through both type I and type II pathways: Detailed comparison study of top-down-synthesized and bottom-up-synthesized carbon quantum dots

Timothy J. Pillar-Little; Namal Wanninayake; Leona Nease; David K. Heidary; Edith C. Glazer; Doo Young Kim

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2018.09.004

Superior photodynamic effect of carbon quantum dots through both type I and type II pathways: Detailed comparison study of top-down-synthesized and bottom-up-synthesized carbon quantum dots

Timothy J. Pillar-Little, Namal Wanninayake, Leona Nease, David K. Heidary, Edith C. Glazer, Doo Young Kim

Chemistry

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

67 Scopus citations

Abstract

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been extensively studied for bioimaging and photodynamic applications due to their low cost, excellent biocompatibility, rich surface chemistry and controllable optical properties. However, the detailed mechanism of the photodynamic activity has been rarely reported. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of (i) a systematic comparison of differently synthesized CQDs to unveil a relationship between chemical structure and photodynamic effect, and (ii) their detailed mechanism of action in photodynamic effects. CQDs prepared by top-down and bottom-up methods and their post-synthesis modification were compared in this study. CQDs prepared by a top-down method exhibited superior light-activated cell cytotoxicity compared to those by a bottom-up approach. The photodynamic index of CQDs was found to be 40–150 times larger than commercial photodynamic agents. It was concluded that both structural defects in sp²-carbon domains and oxygen-containing chemical groups have a crucial role in the excellent photodynamic performance. Measurements with selective quenchers of ¹O₂ and radical species indicated that the photodynamic mechanism of CQDs is through the combination of both type I (radical species production) and type II (singlet oxygen production) pathways.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	616-623
Number of pages	8
Journal	Carbon
Volume	140
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.09.004
State	Published - Dec 2018

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
TPL and DYK thank D. Qian for TEM characterizations. TPL and DYK appreciate the support from National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. 1355438 and the partial support from Kentucky Science & Engineering Foundation grant ( KSEF-3127-RDE-017 ). The purchase of a new XPS system recently installed at the University of Kentucky was supported by the fund from the NSF EPSCoR grant (grant no. 0814194 ).

Funding Information:
TPL and DYK thank D. Qian for TEM characterizations. TPL and DYK appreciate the support from National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. 1355438 and the partial support from Kentucky Science & Engineering Foundation grant (KSEF-3127-RDE-017). The purchase of a new XPS system recently installed at the University of Kentucky was supported by the fund from the NSF EPSCoR grant (grant no. 0814194).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier Ltd

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Chemistry (all)
Materials Science (all)

Access to Document

10.1016/j.carbon.2018.09.004

Cite this

@article{b77dbb62f93642abada7a2c317836fa8,

title = "Superior photodynamic effect of carbon quantum dots through both type I and type II pathways: Detailed comparison study of top-down-synthesized and bottom-up-synthesized carbon quantum dots",

abstract = "Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been extensively studied for bioimaging and photodynamic applications due to their low cost, excellent biocompatibility, rich surface chemistry and controllable optical properties. However, the detailed mechanism of the photodynamic activity has been rarely reported. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of (i) a systematic comparison of differently synthesized CQDs to unveil a relationship between chemical structure and photodynamic effect, and (ii) their detailed mechanism of action in photodynamic effects. CQDs prepared by top-down and bottom-up methods and their post-synthesis modification were compared in this study. CQDs prepared by a top-down method exhibited superior light-activated cell cytotoxicity compared to those by a bottom-up approach. The photodynamic index of CQDs was found to be 40–150 times larger than commercial photodynamic agents. It was concluded that both structural defects in sp2-carbon domains and oxygen-containing chemical groups have a crucial role in the excellent photodynamic performance. Measurements with selective quenchers of 1O2 and radical species indicated that the photodynamic mechanism of CQDs is through the combination of both type I (radical species production) and type II (singlet oxygen production) pathways.",

author = "Pillar-Little, {Timothy J.} and Namal Wanninayake and Leona Nease and Heidary, {David K.} and Glazer, {Edith C.} and Kim, {Doo Young}",

note = "Funding Information: TPL and DYK thank D. Qian for TEM characterizations. TPL and DYK appreciate the support from National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. 1355438 and the partial support from Kentucky Science & Engineering Foundation grant ( KSEF-3127-RDE-017 ). The purchase of a new XPS system recently installed at the University of Kentucky was supported by the fund from the NSF EPSCoR grant (grant no. 0814194 ). Funding Information: TPL and DYK thank D. Qian for TEM characterizations. TPL and DYK appreciate the support from National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. 1355438 and the partial support from Kentucky Science & Engineering Foundation grant (KSEF-3127-RDE-017). The purchase of a new XPS system recently installed at the University of Kentucky was supported by the fund from the NSF EPSCoR grant (grant no. 0814194). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 Elsevier Ltd",

year = "2018",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1016/j.carbon.2018.09.004",

language = "English",

volume = "140",

pages = "616--623",

}

Superior photodynamic effect of carbon quantum dots through both type I and type II pathways: Detailed comparison study of top-down-synthesized and bottom-up-synthesized carbon quantum dots. / Pillar-Little, Timothy J.; Wanninayake, Namal; Nease, Leona et al.
In: Carbon, Vol. 140, 12.2018, p. 616-623.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Superior photodynamic effect of carbon quantum dots through both type I and type II pathways

T2 - Detailed comparison study of top-down-synthesized and bottom-up-synthesized carbon quantum dots

AU - Pillar-Little, Timothy J.

AU - Wanninayake, Namal

AU - Nease, Leona

AU - Heidary, David K.

AU - Glazer, Edith C.

AU - Kim, Doo Young

N1 - Funding Information: TPL and DYK thank D. Qian for TEM characterizations. TPL and DYK appreciate the support from National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. 1355438 and the partial support from Kentucky Science & Engineering Foundation grant ( KSEF-3127-RDE-017 ). The purchase of a new XPS system recently installed at the University of Kentucky was supported by the fund from the NSF EPSCoR grant (grant no. 0814194 ). Funding Information: TPL and DYK thank D. Qian for TEM characterizations. TPL and DYK appreciate the support from National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. 1355438 and the partial support from Kentucky Science & Engineering Foundation grant (KSEF-3127-RDE-017). The purchase of a new XPS system recently installed at the University of Kentucky was supported by the fund from the NSF EPSCoR grant (grant no. 0814194). Publisher Copyright: © 2018 Elsevier Ltd

PY - 2018/12

Y1 - 2018/12

N2 - Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been extensively studied for bioimaging and photodynamic applications due to their low cost, excellent biocompatibility, rich surface chemistry and controllable optical properties. However, the detailed mechanism of the photodynamic activity has been rarely reported. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of (i) a systematic comparison of differently synthesized CQDs to unveil a relationship between chemical structure and photodynamic effect, and (ii) their detailed mechanism of action in photodynamic effects. CQDs prepared by top-down and bottom-up methods and their post-synthesis modification were compared in this study. CQDs prepared by a top-down method exhibited superior light-activated cell cytotoxicity compared to those by a bottom-up approach. The photodynamic index of CQDs was found to be 40–150 times larger than commercial photodynamic agents. It was concluded that both structural defects in sp2-carbon domains and oxygen-containing chemical groups have a crucial role in the excellent photodynamic performance. Measurements with selective quenchers of 1O2 and radical species indicated that the photodynamic mechanism of CQDs is through the combination of both type I (radical species production) and type II (singlet oxygen production) pathways.

AB - Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been extensively studied for bioimaging and photodynamic applications due to their low cost, excellent biocompatibility, rich surface chemistry and controllable optical properties. However, the detailed mechanism of the photodynamic activity has been rarely reported. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of (i) a systematic comparison of differently synthesized CQDs to unveil a relationship between chemical structure and photodynamic effect, and (ii) their detailed mechanism of action in photodynamic effects. CQDs prepared by top-down and bottom-up methods and their post-synthesis modification were compared in this study. CQDs prepared by a top-down method exhibited superior light-activated cell cytotoxicity compared to those by a bottom-up approach. The photodynamic index of CQDs was found to be 40–150 times larger than commercial photodynamic agents. It was concluded that both structural defects in sp2-carbon domains and oxygen-containing chemical groups have a crucial role in the excellent photodynamic performance. Measurements with selective quenchers of 1O2 and radical species indicated that the photodynamic mechanism of CQDs is through the combination of both type I (radical species production) and type II (singlet oxygen production) pathways.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85054768152&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85054768152&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.carbon.2018.09.004

DO - 10.1016/j.carbon.2018.09.004

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85054768152

SN - 0008-6223

VL - 140

SP - 616

EP - 623

JO - Carbon

JF - Carbon

ER -

Superior photodynamic effect of carbon quantum dots through both type I and type II pathways: Detailed comparison study of top-down-synthesized and bottom-up-synthesized carbon quantum dots

Abstract

Bibliographical note

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this