Synthesis and solid state structure of fluorous probe molecules for fluorous separation applications

H. J. Lehmler, S. Telu, S. M. Vyas, N. S. Shaikh, S. E. Rankin, B. L. Knutson, S. Parkin

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

5 Scopus citations

Abstract

A series of colored hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon tagged 1-fluoro-4-alkylamino-anthraquinones and 1,4-bis-alkylamino-anthraquinone probe molecules were synthesized from a (fluorinated) alkyl amine and 1,4-difluoroanthraquinone to aid in the development of fluorous separation applications. The anthraquinones displayed stacking of the anthraquinone tricycle and interdigitation of the (fluorinated) alkyl chains in the solid state. Furthermore, intramolecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds forced the hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon tags into a conformation pointing away from the anthraquinone tricycle, with the angle of the tricycle plane normal and the main (fluorinated) alkyl vector ranging from 1° to 39°. Separation of the probe molecules on fluorous silica gel showed that the degree of fluorination of the probe molecules plays only a minor role with most eluents (e.g., hexane/ethyl acetate and methyl nonafluorobutyl ethers/ethyl acetate). However, toluene as eluent caused a pronounced separation by degree of fluorination for fluorocarbon, but not hydrocarbon tagged probe molecules on both silica gel and fluorous silica gel. These studies suggest that hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon tagged anthraquinones are useful probe molecules for the development of laboratory scale fluorous separation applications.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)2561-2569
Number of pages9
JournalTetrahedron
Volume66
Issue number14
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 3 2010

Keywords

  • Anthraquinones
  • Fluorophilic probes
  • Fluorophilicity
  • Fluorous separations

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Biochemistry
  • Drug Discovery
  • Organic Chemistry

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