The impact of the human papillomavirus vaccine on high-grade cervical lesions in urban and rural areas: An age– period–cohort analysis

Jaimie Z. Shing; Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel; Marie R. Griffin; Rachel S. Chang; Staci L. Sudenga; James C. Slaughter; Manideepthi Pemmaraju; Edward F. Mitchel; Pamela C. Hull

doi:10.3390/cancers13164215

The impact of the human papillomavirus vaccine on high-grade cervical lesions in urban and rural areas: An age– period–cohort analysis

Jaimie Z. Shing, Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel, Marie R. Griffin, Rachel S. Chang, Staci L. Sudenga, James C. Slaughter, Manideepthi Pemmaraju, Edward F. Mitchel, Pamela C. Hull

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

2 Citations (SciVal)

Abstract

Disparities in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination exist between urban (metropoli-tan statistical areas (MSAs)) and rural (non-MSAs) regions. To address whether the HPV vaccine’s impact differs by urbanicity, we examined trends in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 or 3 and adenocarcinoma in situ (collectively, CIN2+) incidence in MSAs and non-MSAs among Tennessee Medicaid (TennCare)-enrolled women aged 18–39 years and among the subset screened for cervical cancer in Tennessee, United States. Using TennCare claims data, we identified annual age-group-specific (18–20, 21–24, 25–29, 30–34, and 35–39 years) CIN2+ incidence (2008–2018). Joinpoint regression was used to identify trends over time. Age–period–cohort Poisson regression models were used to evaluate age, period, and cohort effects. All analyses were stratified by urbanicity (MSA versus non-MSA). From 2008–2018, 11,243 incident CIN2+ events (7956 in MSAs; 3287 in non-MSAs) were identified among TennCare-enrolled women aged 18–39 years. CIN2+ incident trends (2008–2018) were similar between women in MSAs and non-MSAs, with largest declines among ages 18–20 (MSA average annual percent change (AAPC):-30.4, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): −35.4, −25.0; non-MSA AAPC: −30.9, 95%CI: −36.8, −24.5) and 21–24 years (MSA AAPC:-14.8, 95%CI: −18.1, −11.3; non-MSA AAPC: −15.1, 95%CI: −17.9, −12.2). Significant declines for ages 18–20 years began in 2008 in MSAs compared to 2010 in non-MSAs. Trends were largely driven by age and cohort effects. These patterns were consistent among screened women. Despite evidence of HPV vaccine impact on reducing CIN2+ incidence regardless of urbanicity, significant declines in CIN2+ incidence were delayed in non-MSAs versus MSAs.

Original language	English
Article number	4215
Journal	Cancers
Volume	13
Issue number	16
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13164215
State	Published - Aug 2 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Funding: Jaimie Z. Shing reports grants from the National Institutes of Health (5TL1TR002244, R01CA20740). Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel reports pilot grants from the National Institutes of Health (U54CA163072, U54MD010722). Marie R. Griffin reports a grant from the Emerging Infections Co-operative Agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (5U01C10003). Rachel S. Chang has no financial disclosures. Staci L. Sudenga reports a grant from National Cancer Institute (K07CA225404). James C. Slaughter has no financial disclosures. Manideepthi Pemmaraju reports a grant from the Emerging Infections Cooperative Agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (5U01C10003). Edward F. Mitchel reports a grant from the Emerging Infections Co-operative Agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (5U01C10003). Pamela C. Hull reports a grant from the National Institutes of Health (R01CA20740).

Funding Information:
The authors are indebted to the HPV-IMPACT Monitoring Project and the Tennessee Division of TennCare of the Department of Finance and Administration, who provided data. We would also like to thank Dr. Wanqing Wen, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, for providing initial programming assistance for the age?period?cohort analysis.Jaimie Z. Shing reports grants from the National Institutes of Health (5TL1TR002244, R01CA20740). Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel reports pilot grants from the National Institutes of Health (U54CA163072, U54MD010722). Marie R. Griffin reports a grant from the Emerging Infections Cooperative Agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (5U01C10003). Rachel S. Chang has no financial disclosures. Staci L. Sudenga reports a grant from National Cancer Institute (K07CA225404). James C. Slaughter has no financial disclosures. Manideepthi Pemmaraju reports a grant from the Emerging Infections Cooperative Agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (5U01C10003). Edward F. Mitchel reports a grant from the Emerging Infections Cooperative Agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (5U01C10003). Pamela C. Hull reports a grant from the National Institutes of Health (R01CA20740).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Keywords

Cervical premalig-nant lesions
High-grade cervical lesions
Human papillomavirus
International classification of diseases
Metropolitan statistical area
Urbanicity
Vaccine impact

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Oncology
Cancer Research

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.3390/cancers13164215

Cite this

@article{37d5855624b24b55a7257f121ddd2968,

title = "The impact of the human papillomavirus vaccine on high-grade cervical lesions in urban and rural areas: An age– period–cohort analysis",

abstract = "Disparities in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination exist between urban (metropoli-tan statistical areas (MSAs)) and rural (non-MSAs) regions. To address whether the HPV vaccine{\textquoteright}s impact differs by urbanicity, we examined trends in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 or 3 and adenocarcinoma in situ (collectively, CIN2+) incidence in MSAs and non-MSAs among Tennessee Medicaid (TennCare)-enrolled women aged 18–39 years and among the subset screened for cervical cancer in Tennessee, United States. Using TennCare claims data, we identified annual age-group-specific (18–20, 21–24, 25–29, 30–34, and 35–39 years) CIN2+ incidence (2008–2018). Joinpoint regression was used to identify trends over time. Age–period–cohort Poisson regression models were used to evaluate age, period, and cohort effects. All analyses were stratified by urbanicity (MSA versus non-MSA). From 2008–2018, 11,243 incident CIN2+ events (7956 in MSAs; 3287 in non-MSAs) were identified among TennCare-enrolled women aged 18–39 years. CIN2+ incident trends (2008–2018) were similar between women in MSAs and non-MSAs, with largest declines among ages 18–20 (MSA average annual percent change (AAPC):-30.4, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): −35.4, −25.0; non-MSA AAPC: −30.9, 95%CI: −36.8, −24.5) and 21–24 years (MSA AAPC:-14.8, 95%CI: −18.1, −11.3; non-MSA AAPC: −15.1, 95%CI: −17.9, −12.2). Significant declines for ages 18–20 years began in 2008 in MSAs compared to 2010 in non-MSAs. Trends were largely driven by age and cohort effects. These patterns were consistent among screened women. Despite evidence of HPV vaccine impact on reducing CIN2+ incidence regardless of urbanicity, significant declines in CIN2+ incidence were delayed in non-MSAs versus MSAs.",

keywords = "Cervical premalig-nant lesions, High-grade cervical lesions, Human papillomavirus, International classification of diseases, Metropolitan statistical area, Urbanicity, Vaccine impact",

author = "Shing, {Jaimie Z.} and Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel and Griffin, {Marie R.} and Chang, {Rachel S.} and Sudenga, {Staci L.} and Slaughter, {James C.} and Manideepthi Pemmaraju and Mitchel, {Edward F.} and Hull, {Pamela C.}",

note = "Funding Information: Funding: Jaimie Z. Shing reports grants from the National Institutes of Health (5TL1TR002244, R01CA20740). Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel reports pilot grants from the National Institutes of Health (U54CA163072, U54MD010722). Marie R. Griffin reports a grant from the Emerging Infections Co-operative Agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (5U01C10003). Rachel S. Chang has no financial disclosures. Staci L. Sudenga reports a grant from National Cancer Institute (K07CA225404). James C. Slaughter has no financial disclosures. Manideepthi Pemmaraju reports a grant from the Emerging Infections Cooperative Agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (5U01C10003). Edward F. Mitchel reports a grant from the Emerging Infections Co-operative Agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (5U01C10003). Pamela C. Hull reports a grant from the National Institutes of Health (R01CA20740). Funding Information: The authors are indebted to the HPV-IMPACT Monitoring Project and the Tennessee Division of TennCare of the Department of Finance and Administration, who provided data. We would also like to thank Dr. Wanqing Wen, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, for providing initial programming assistance for the age?period?cohort analysis.Jaimie Z. Shing reports grants from the National Institutes of Health (5TL1TR002244, R01CA20740). Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel reports pilot grants from the National Institutes of Health (U54CA163072, U54MD010722). Marie R. Griffin reports a grant from the Emerging Infections Cooperative Agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (5U01C10003). Rachel S. Chang has no financial disclosures. Staci L. Sudenga reports a grant from National Cancer Institute (K07CA225404). James C. Slaughter has no financial disclosures. Manideepthi Pemmaraju reports a grant from the Emerging Infections Cooperative Agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (5U01C10003). Edward F. Mitchel reports a grant from the Emerging Infections Cooperative Agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (5U01C10003). Pamela C. Hull reports a grant from the National Institutes of Health (R01CA20740). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",

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doi = "10.3390/cancers13164215",

language = "English",

volume = "13",

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T1 - The impact of the human papillomavirus vaccine on high-grade cervical lesions in urban and rural areas

T2 - An age– period–cohort analysis

AU - Shing, Jaimie Z.

AU - Beeghly-Fadiel, Alicia

AU - Griffin, Marie R.

AU - Chang, Rachel S.

AU - Sudenga, Staci L.

AU - Slaughter, James C.

AU - Pemmaraju, Manideepthi

AU - Mitchel, Edward F.

AU - Hull, Pamela C.

N1 - Funding Information: Funding: Jaimie Z. Shing reports grants from the National Institutes of Health (5TL1TR002244, R01CA20740). Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel reports pilot grants from the National Institutes of Health (U54CA163072, U54MD010722). Marie R. Griffin reports a grant from the Emerging Infections Co-operative Agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (5U01C10003). Rachel S. Chang has no financial disclosures. Staci L. Sudenga reports a grant from National Cancer Institute (K07CA225404). James C. Slaughter has no financial disclosures. Manideepthi Pemmaraju reports a grant from the Emerging Infections Cooperative Agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (5U01C10003). Edward F. Mitchel reports a grant from the Emerging Infections Co-operative Agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (5U01C10003). Pamela C. Hull reports a grant from the National Institutes of Health (R01CA20740). Funding Information: The authors are indebted to the HPV-IMPACT Monitoring Project and the Tennessee Division of TennCare of the Department of Finance and Administration, who provided data. We would also like to thank Dr. Wanqing Wen, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, for providing initial programming assistance for the age?period?cohort analysis.Jaimie Z. Shing reports grants from the National Institutes of Health (5TL1TR002244, R01CA20740). Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel reports pilot grants from the National Institutes of Health (U54CA163072, U54MD010722). Marie R. Griffin reports a grant from the Emerging Infections Cooperative Agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (5U01C10003). Rachel S. Chang has no financial disclosures. Staci L. Sudenga reports a grant from National Cancer Institute (K07CA225404). James C. Slaughter has no financial disclosures. Manideepthi Pemmaraju reports a grant from the Emerging Infections Cooperative Agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (5U01C10003). Edward F. Mitchel reports a grant from the Emerging Infections Cooperative Agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (5U01C10003). Pamela C. Hull reports a grant from the National Institutes of Health (R01CA20740). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

PY - 2021/8/2

Y1 - 2021/8/2

N2 - Disparities in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination exist between urban (metropoli-tan statistical areas (MSAs)) and rural (non-MSAs) regions. To address whether the HPV vaccine’s impact differs by urbanicity, we examined trends in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 or 3 and adenocarcinoma in situ (collectively, CIN2+) incidence in MSAs and non-MSAs among Tennessee Medicaid (TennCare)-enrolled women aged 18–39 years and among the subset screened for cervical cancer in Tennessee, United States. Using TennCare claims data, we identified annual age-group-specific (18–20, 21–24, 25–29, 30–34, and 35–39 years) CIN2+ incidence (2008–2018). Joinpoint regression was used to identify trends over time. Age–period–cohort Poisson regression models were used to evaluate age, period, and cohort effects. All analyses were stratified by urbanicity (MSA versus non-MSA). From 2008–2018, 11,243 incident CIN2+ events (7956 in MSAs; 3287 in non-MSAs) were identified among TennCare-enrolled women aged 18–39 years. CIN2+ incident trends (2008–2018) were similar between women in MSAs and non-MSAs, with largest declines among ages 18–20 (MSA average annual percent change (AAPC):-30.4, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): −35.4, −25.0; non-MSA AAPC: −30.9, 95%CI: −36.8, −24.5) and 21–24 years (MSA AAPC:-14.8, 95%CI: −18.1, −11.3; non-MSA AAPC: −15.1, 95%CI: −17.9, −12.2). Significant declines for ages 18–20 years began in 2008 in MSAs compared to 2010 in non-MSAs. Trends were largely driven by age and cohort effects. These patterns were consistent among screened women. Despite evidence of HPV vaccine impact on reducing CIN2+ incidence regardless of urbanicity, significant declines in CIN2+ incidence were delayed in non-MSAs versus MSAs.

AB - Disparities in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination exist between urban (metropoli-tan statistical areas (MSAs)) and rural (non-MSAs) regions. To address whether the HPV vaccine’s impact differs by urbanicity, we examined trends in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 or 3 and adenocarcinoma in situ (collectively, CIN2+) incidence in MSAs and non-MSAs among Tennessee Medicaid (TennCare)-enrolled women aged 18–39 years and among the subset screened for cervical cancer in Tennessee, United States. Using TennCare claims data, we identified annual age-group-specific (18–20, 21–24, 25–29, 30–34, and 35–39 years) CIN2+ incidence (2008–2018). Joinpoint regression was used to identify trends over time. Age–period–cohort Poisson regression models were used to evaluate age, period, and cohort effects. All analyses were stratified by urbanicity (MSA versus non-MSA). From 2008–2018, 11,243 incident CIN2+ events (7956 in MSAs; 3287 in non-MSAs) were identified among TennCare-enrolled women aged 18–39 years. CIN2+ incident trends (2008–2018) were similar between women in MSAs and non-MSAs, with largest declines among ages 18–20 (MSA average annual percent change (AAPC):-30.4, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): −35.4, −25.0; non-MSA AAPC: −30.9, 95%CI: −36.8, −24.5) and 21–24 years (MSA AAPC:-14.8, 95%CI: −18.1, −11.3; non-MSA AAPC: −15.1, 95%CI: −17.9, −12.2). Significant declines for ages 18–20 years began in 2008 in MSAs compared to 2010 in non-MSAs. Trends were largely driven by age and cohort effects. These patterns were consistent among screened women. Despite evidence of HPV vaccine impact on reducing CIN2+ incidence regardless of urbanicity, significant declines in CIN2+ incidence were delayed in non-MSAs versus MSAs.

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KW - International classification of diseases

KW - Metropolitan statistical area

KW - Urbanicity

KW - Vaccine impact

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The impact of the human papillomavirus vaccine on high-grade cervical lesions in urban and rural areas: An age– period–cohort analysis

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

Access to Document

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