The Merger Dynamics of the X-ray-Emitting Plasma in Clusters of Galaxies

As the formation of cosmic structure continues to proceed, we observe one of the latest stages of this process in mergers of clusters of galaxies with other clusters, groups, and galaxies. The X-ray-emitting hot plasma of these systems can be dramatically affected by these mergers, producing cold and shock fronts, gas sloshing, bulk motions, and turbulence. Combined with numerical simulations, observations of these features can be used to constrain the plasma physics of the hot gas as well as its interaction with high-energy cosmic rays. In this chapter, we review these topics and point forward to what the capabilities of future observatories will reveal.