TY - JOUR
T1 - The platelet release reaction
T2 - Just when you thought platelet secretion was simple
AU - Ren, Qiansheng
AU - Ye, Shaojing
AU - Whiteheart, Sidney W.
PY - 2008/9
Y1 - 2008/9
N2 - Purpose of review In response to agonists produced at vascular lesions, platelets release a host of components from their three granules: dense core, alpha, and lysosome. This releasate activates other platelets, promotes wound repair, and initiates inflammatory responses. Although widely accepted, the specific mechanisms underlying platelet secretion are only now coming to light. This review focuses on the core machinery required for platelet secretion. Recent findings Proteomic analyses have provided a catalog of the components released from activated platelets. Experiments using a combination of in-vitro secretion assays and knockout mice have led to assignments of both vesicle-soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor (v-SNARE) and target membrane SNARE to each of the three secretion events. SNARE knockout mice are also proving to be useful models for probing the role of platelet exocytosis in vivo. Other studies are beginning to identify SNARE regulators, which control when and where SNAREs interact during platelet activation. A complex set of protein-protein interactions control the membrane fusion events required for the platelet release reaction. SNARE proteins are the core elements but the proteins that control SNARE interactions represent key points at which platelet signaling cascades could affect secretion and thrombosis.
AB - Purpose of review In response to agonists produced at vascular lesions, platelets release a host of components from their three granules: dense core, alpha, and lysosome. This releasate activates other platelets, promotes wound repair, and initiates inflammatory responses. Although widely accepted, the specific mechanisms underlying platelet secretion are only now coming to light. This review focuses on the core machinery required for platelet secretion. Recent findings Proteomic analyses have provided a catalog of the components released from activated platelets. Experiments using a combination of in-vitro secretion assays and knockout mice have led to assignments of both vesicle-soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor (v-SNARE) and target membrane SNARE to each of the three secretion events. SNARE knockout mice are also proving to be useful models for probing the role of platelet exocytosis in vivo. Other studies are beginning to identify SNARE regulators, which control when and where SNAREs interact during platelet activation. A complex set of protein-protein interactions control the membrane fusion events required for the platelet release reaction. SNARE proteins are the core elements but the proteins that control SNARE interactions represent key points at which platelet signaling cascades could affect secretion and thrombosis.
KW - Exocytosis
KW - Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptors
KW - Syntaxin
KW - Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8/endobrevin
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U2 - 10.1097/MOH.0b013e328309ec74
DO - 10.1097/MOH.0b013e328309ec74
M3 - Review article
C2 - 18695380
AN - SCOPUS:55249092511
SN - 1065-6251
VL - 15
SP - 537
EP - 541
JO - Current Opinion in Hematology
JF - Current Opinion in Hematology
IS - 5
ER -