The psychosocial coping of multiply marginalized LGBTQ+ adolescents with mental health issues

Sexual or gender minority (SGM) adolescents are confronted with many assaults on their identity and psychosocial adjustment in society. Although some SGM adolescents have positive experiences and acceptance in the coming out process and identity declaration, many of these individuals must contend with adversity in school, home, and community. Both physical and psychological trauma can leave emotional scars immediately and over the long term. Because of where they are on the developmental continuum, the psychosocial coping strategies of SGM adolescents may not be at a level to respond constructively to adversity, and multiply marginalized SGM adolescents even more so. Inability to cope or the lack of coping strategies in relation to stressors associated with sexual orientation and gender identity marginalization often adversely affect the mental well-being of SGM adolescents resulting in manifestations of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideations, substance abuse, posttraumatic stress disorder, and other behavioural problems. In order to best understand the unique needs of SGM adolescents, this chapter explores an intersectional perspective and the experience of minority stress that often exacerbates existing mental health disorders or contributes to establishment of such disorders. The intent is to promote understanding of why and how professionals, teachers, and families can work to remove societal barriers that interfere with psychosocial development and emotional well-being of SGM youth.