TY - GEN
T1 - The Upper Midwest Health Study
T2 - A case-control study of primary intracranial gliomas in farm and rural residents
AU - Ruder, Avima M.
AU - Waters, Martha A.
AU - Carreón, Tania
AU - Butler, Mary Ann
AU - Davis-King, Karen E.
AU - Calvert, Geoffrey M.
AU - Schulte, Paul A.
AU - Ward, Elizabeth M.
AU - Connally, L. Barbara
AU - Lu, John
AU - Wall, David
AU - Zivkovich, Zach
AU - Heineman, Ellen F.
AU - Mandel, Jack S.
AU - Morton, Roscoe F.
AU - Reding, Douglas J.
AU - Rosenman, Kenneth D.
AU - Valencia, Tania Carreón
AU - Fajen, John M.
AU - Lehman, Everett
AU - Levine, A. Joan
AU - Petersen, Martin
AU - Sanderson, Wayne T.
AU - Schnorr, Teresa
AU - Nelson, James
AU - Lappe, Karen
AU - Muldoon, Joann
AU - Reilly, Mary Jo
AU - Sims, Amy
AU - Irby, Timothy
AU - Talaska, Glenn
AU - Hornung, Rick
AU - Leary, Matthew
AU - Johnson, Rebecca A.
AU - Hillmer, Teresa
AU - Maldonado, George
AU - Kampa, Diane
AU - Echeverria, Diana
AU - Heyer, Nicholas
PY - 2006/11
Y1 - 2006/11
N2 - Since several studies indicated that farmers and agricultural workers had an excess risk of brain cancer, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health initiated the Upper Midwest Health Study to examine risk of intracranial glioma in the non-metropolitan population. This population-based, case-control study evaluated associations between gliomas and rural and farm exposures among adults (ages 18 to 80) in four upper midwestern states (Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin). At diagnosis/selection, participants lived in non-metropolitan counties where the largest population center had fewer than 250,000 residents. Cases were diagnosed 1 January 1995 through 31 January 1997. Over 90% of 873 eligible ascertained cases and over 70% of 1670 eligible controls consented to participate. Participants and nonparticipants, evaluated for "critical questions" on main and refusant questionnaires, differed significantly in farming and occupational experience, ethnicity, education, and lifestyle. The 1175 controls were more likely than the 798 cases to have reported ever drinking alcohol (77% vs. 73%, adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59-0.92) and having had panoramic dental x-rays (34% vs. 29%, OR 0.75, CI 0.61-0.92). Controls spent a greater percentage of their lives in non-metropolitan counties (78% vs. 75%, OR 0.81, CI 0.67-1.09). Among ever-farmers, controls were more likely to have had exposure to farm insecticides (57% vs. 50%, OR 0.75, CI 0.59-0.95) and farm animals (96% vs. 91%, OR 0.48, CI 0.25-0.90). Moving to a farm as an adolescent (ages 11 to 20) vs. as an adult was associated with a greater risk of glioma (OR 1.96, CI 1.13-3.39). In our study sample, farm or rural residence and summary farm exposures were associated with decreased glioma risk. However, nonparticipation by never-farming eligible controls could have affected results. Comparisons of farm chemical exposures may clarify associations between farming and glioma that others have reported.
AB - Since several studies indicated that farmers and agricultural workers had an excess risk of brain cancer, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health initiated the Upper Midwest Health Study to examine risk of intracranial glioma in the non-metropolitan population. This population-based, case-control study evaluated associations between gliomas and rural and farm exposures among adults (ages 18 to 80) in four upper midwestern states (Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin). At diagnosis/selection, participants lived in non-metropolitan counties where the largest population center had fewer than 250,000 residents. Cases were diagnosed 1 January 1995 through 31 January 1997. Over 90% of 873 eligible ascertained cases and over 70% of 1670 eligible controls consented to participate. Participants and nonparticipants, evaluated for "critical questions" on main and refusant questionnaires, differed significantly in farming and occupational experience, ethnicity, education, and lifestyle. The 1175 controls were more likely than the 798 cases to have reported ever drinking alcohol (77% vs. 73%, adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59-0.92) and having had panoramic dental x-rays (34% vs. 29%, OR 0.75, CI 0.61-0.92). Controls spent a greater percentage of their lives in non-metropolitan counties (78% vs. 75%, OR 0.81, CI 0.67-1.09). Among ever-farmers, controls were more likely to have had exposure to farm insecticides (57% vs. 50%, OR 0.75, CI 0.59-0.95) and farm animals (96% vs. 91%, OR 0.48, CI 0.25-0.90). Moving to a farm as an adolescent (ages 11 to 20) vs. as an adult was associated with a greater risk of glioma (OR 1.96, CI 1.13-3.39). In our study sample, farm or rural residence and summary farm exposures were associated with decreased glioma risk. However, nonparticipation by never-farming eligible controls could have affected results. Comparisons of farm chemical exposures may clarify associations between farming and glioma that others have reported.
KW - Agricultural workers
KW - Agriculture
KW - Agrochemicals
KW - Case-control study
KW - Glioma
KW - Proxy
KW - Study design
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33750461675&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=33750461675&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Article
C2 - 17131948
AN - SCOPUS:33750461675
SN - 1074-7583
VL - 12
SP - 255
EP - 274
JO - Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health
JF - Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health
ER -
