Thermodynamic properties of carbon–phenolic gas mixtures

James Scoggins; Jason Rabinovitch; Benjamin Barros-Fernandez; Alexandre Martin; Jean Lachaud; Richard Jaffe; Nagi Mansour; Guillaume Blanquart; Thierry Magin

doi:10.1016/j.ast.2017.02.025

Thermodynamic properties of carbon–phenolic gas mixtures

James Scoggins, Jason Rabinovitch, Benjamin Barros-Fernandez, Alexandre Martin, Jean Lachaud, Richard Jaffe, Nagi Mansour, Guillaume Blanquart, Thierry Magin

Mechanical Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

14 Scopus citations

Abstract

Accurate thermodynamic properties for species found in carbon–phenolic gas mixtures are essential in predicting material response and heating of carbon–phenolic heat shields of planetary entry vehicles. A review of available thermodynamic data for species found in mixtures of carbon–phenolic pyrolysis and ablation gases and atmospheres rich with C, H, O, and N such as those of Earth, Mars, Titan, and Venus, is performed. Over 1200 unique chemical species are identified from four widely used thermodynamic databases and a systematic procedure is described for combining these data into a comprehensive model. The detailed dataset is then compared with the Chemical Equilibrium with Applications thermodynamic database developed by NASA in order to quantify the differences in equilibrium thermodynamic properties obtained with the two databases. In addition, a consistent reduction methodology using the mixture thermodynamic properties as an objective function is developed to generate reduced species sets for a variety of temperature, pressure, and elemental composition spaces. It is found that 32 and 23 species are required to model carbon–phenolic pyrolysis gases mixed with air and CO₂, respectively, to maintain a maximum error in thermodynamic quantities below 10%.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	177-192
Number of pages	16
Journal	Aerospace Science and Technology
Volume	66
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2017.02.025
State	Published - Jul 1 2017

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
J.B.S., B.B.F., and T.E.M. were funded by the European Research Council Starting Grant #259354: “Multiphysics models and simulations for reacting and plasma flows applied to the space exploration program.” A.M. was supported through NASA Award NNX13AN04A. J.L. was funded by the NASA Space Technology Research Grants Program, grant NNX12AG47A. J.R. and G.B. were funded by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, grant FA9550-12-1-0472. Finally, the authors wish to thank Prof. Burcat for his timely and helpful answers to our questions.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS

Keywords

Ablation
Carbon–phenolic
Pyrolysis
Re-entry vehicles
Thermal protection materials
Thermodynamics

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Aerospace Engineering

Access to Document

10.1016/j.ast.2017.02.025

Cite this

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title = "Thermodynamic properties of carbon–phenolic gas mixtures",

abstract = "Accurate thermodynamic properties for species found in carbon–phenolic gas mixtures are essential in predicting material response and heating of carbon–phenolic heat shields of planetary entry vehicles. A review of available thermodynamic data for species found in mixtures of carbon–phenolic pyrolysis and ablation gases and atmospheres rich with C, H, O, and N such as those of Earth, Mars, Titan, and Venus, is performed. Over 1200 unique chemical species are identified from four widely used thermodynamic databases and a systematic procedure is described for combining these data into a comprehensive model. The detailed dataset is then compared with the Chemical Equilibrium with Applications thermodynamic database developed by NASA in order to quantify the differences in equilibrium thermodynamic properties obtained with the two databases. In addition, a consistent reduction methodology using the mixture thermodynamic properties as an objective function is developed to generate reduced species sets for a variety of temperature, pressure, and elemental composition spaces. It is found that 32 and 23 species are required to model carbon–phenolic pyrolysis gases mixed with air and CO2, respectively, to maintain a maximum error in thermodynamic quantities below 10%.",

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author = "James Scoggins and Jason Rabinovitch and Benjamin Barros-Fernandez and Alexandre Martin and Jean Lachaud and Richard Jaffe and Nagi Mansour and Guillaume Blanquart and Thierry Magin",

note = "Funding Information: J.B.S., B.B.F., and T.E.M. were funded by the European Research Council Starting Grant #259354: “Multiphysics models and simulations for reacting and plasma flows applied to the space exploration program.” A.M. was supported through NASA Award NNX13AN04A. J.L. was funded by the NASA Space Technology Research Grants Program, grant NNX12AG47A. J.R. and G.B. were funded by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, grant FA9550-12-1-0472. Finally, the authors wish to thank Prof. Burcat for his timely and helpful answers to our questions. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS",

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AU - Jaffe, Richard

AU - Mansour, Nagi

AU - Blanquart, Guillaume

AU - Magin, Thierry

N1 - Funding Information: J.B.S., B.B.F., and T.E.M. were funded by the European Research Council Starting Grant #259354: “Multiphysics models and simulations for reacting and plasma flows applied to the space exploration program.” A.M. was supported through NASA Award NNX13AN04A. J.L. was funded by the NASA Space Technology Research Grants Program, grant NNX12AG47A. J.R. and G.B. were funded by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, grant FA9550-12-1-0472. Finally, the authors wish to thank Prof. Burcat for his timely and helpful answers to our questions. Publisher Copyright: © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS

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N2 - Accurate thermodynamic properties for species found in carbon–phenolic gas mixtures are essential in predicting material response and heating of carbon–phenolic heat shields of planetary entry vehicles. A review of available thermodynamic data for species found in mixtures of carbon–phenolic pyrolysis and ablation gases and atmospheres rich with C, H, O, and N such as those of Earth, Mars, Titan, and Venus, is performed. Over 1200 unique chemical species are identified from four widely used thermodynamic databases and a systematic procedure is described for combining these data into a comprehensive model. The detailed dataset is then compared with the Chemical Equilibrium with Applications thermodynamic database developed by NASA in order to quantify the differences in equilibrium thermodynamic properties obtained with the two databases. In addition, a consistent reduction methodology using the mixture thermodynamic properties as an objective function is developed to generate reduced species sets for a variety of temperature, pressure, and elemental composition spaces. It is found that 32 and 23 species are required to model carbon–phenolic pyrolysis gases mixed with air and CO2, respectively, to maintain a maximum error in thermodynamic quantities below 10%.

AB - Accurate thermodynamic properties for species found in carbon–phenolic gas mixtures are essential in predicting material response and heating of carbon–phenolic heat shields of planetary entry vehicles. A review of available thermodynamic data for species found in mixtures of carbon–phenolic pyrolysis and ablation gases and atmospheres rich with C, H, O, and N such as those of Earth, Mars, Titan, and Venus, is performed. Over 1200 unique chemical species are identified from four widely used thermodynamic databases and a systematic procedure is described for combining these data into a comprehensive model. The detailed dataset is then compared with the Chemical Equilibrium with Applications thermodynamic database developed by NASA in order to quantify the differences in equilibrium thermodynamic properties obtained with the two databases. In addition, a consistent reduction methodology using the mixture thermodynamic properties as an objective function is developed to generate reduced species sets for a variety of temperature, pressure, and elemental composition spaces. It is found that 32 and 23 species are required to model carbon–phenolic pyrolysis gases mixed with air and CO2, respectively, to maintain a maximum error in thermodynamic quantities below 10%.

KW - Ablation

KW - Carbon–phenolic

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KW - Re-entry vehicles

KW - Thermal protection materials

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Thermodynamic properties of carbon–phenolic gas mixtures

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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