TY - JOUR
T1 - Three-dimensional neurostereoendoscopy
T2 - Subjective and objective comparison to 2D
AU - Fraser, J. F.
AU - Allen, B.
AU - Anand, V. K.
AU - Schwartz, T. H.
PY - 2009/2
Y1 - 2009/2
N2 - Neuroendoscopic procedures, particularly trans nasal skull-base procedures, are currently performed with 2D endoscopes that lack stereoscopic vision and depth of field. In principal, 3D vision should be preferable to the operating surgeon, but the previously existing systems have not been adopted. We evaluated a novel 3D endoscope to compare with 2D endoscopy. 33 neurosurgeons and skull-base otolaryngologists were recruited, and randomized to complete two runs of a task-based simulator paradigm using 2D and / or 3D visualization. After the two trials, each subject completed a questionnaire assessing professional demographics and preferences for visualization. The task paradigm had objective endpoints that measured speed, efficiency, and error rates. 75 % of respondents preferred 3D endoscopy, and 87.5 % determined that 3D visualization either somewhat or greatly helped with the assigned tasks. In the second run, subjects using 3D demonstrated a significantly higher efficiency than subjects using 2D (p = 0.04). Subjects' speed and efficiency improved significantly when moving from 2D to 3D, and speed and efficiency improved significantly from Run 1 to Run 2 for 3D visualization. Subjective and objective outcomes support the utility of 3D visualization for neuroendoscopic techniques. Visualization that provides real-time, high-resolution binocular depth perception has a role in endoscopic skull base surgery and other neuroendoscopic procedures.
AB - Neuroendoscopic procedures, particularly trans nasal skull-base procedures, are currently performed with 2D endoscopes that lack stereoscopic vision and depth of field. In principal, 3D vision should be preferable to the operating surgeon, but the previously existing systems have not been adopted. We evaluated a novel 3D endoscope to compare with 2D endoscopy. 33 neurosurgeons and skull-base otolaryngologists were recruited, and randomized to complete two runs of a task-based simulator paradigm using 2D and / or 3D visualization. After the two trials, each subject completed a questionnaire assessing professional demographics and preferences for visualization. The task paradigm had objective endpoints that measured speed, efficiency, and error rates. 75 % of respondents preferred 3D endoscopy, and 87.5 % determined that 3D visualization either somewhat or greatly helped with the assigned tasks. In the second run, subjects using 3D demonstrated a significantly higher efficiency than subjects using 2D (p = 0.04). Subjects' speed and efficiency improved significantly when moving from 2D to 3D, and speed and efficiency improved significantly from Run 1 to Run 2 for 3D visualization. Subjective and objective outcomes support the utility of 3D visualization for neuroendoscopic techniques. Visualization that provides real-time, high-resolution binocular depth perception has a role in endoscopic skull base surgery and other neuroendoscopic procedures.
KW - 3D
KW - Endonasal
KW - Endoscope
KW - Stereoendoscope
KW - Surgical simulators
KW - Three-dimensional
KW - Transnasal
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U2 - 10.1055/s-0028-1104567
DO - 10.1055/s-0028-1104567
M3 - Article
C2 - 19247901
AN - SCOPUS:65449145206
SN - 0946-7211
VL - 52
SP - 25
EP - 31
JO - Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery
JF - Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery
IS - 1
ER -