TY - JOUR
T1 - Towards on-site detection of cadmium in human urine
AU - Gazica, Kiera
AU - FitzGerald, Elizabeth
AU - Dangel, Gabrielle
AU - Haynes, Erin N.
AU - Yadav, Jagjit
AU - Alvarez, Noe T.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2020/2/15
Y1 - 2020/2/15
N2 - Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential toxic heavy metal. Human exposure to Cd occurs from multiple sources, including diet, tobacco smoke, fossil fuel combustion, and various contaminated sources. This work reports a rapid method for Cd2+ detection in simulated urine samples containing glucose (GLC) and human urine using the electrochemical technique of square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). Electrochemical techniques for onsite analysis and detection are preferred for their quick response time, application simplicity, inexpensive instrumentation, and potential portability. This approach is a step forward towards Cd2+ detection in biological fluids, despite their composition complexity due to possible interference of its constituents. Application of a simple, well controlled, and uniform carbon nanotube (CNT) thin film generated through spinnable CNT arrays enabled us to increase the surface area of traditional glassy carbon electrodes and made possible the detection of nanomolar concentration of Cd ions in urine samples. This voltammetric technique led to 1.9 nM limit of detection (LOD) in simulated urine, and 5.85 nM (female) and 324 nM (male) LOD in human urine. The developed method would facilitate high throughput screening of human urine samples for assessing Cd exposure in future studies.
AB - Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential toxic heavy metal. Human exposure to Cd occurs from multiple sources, including diet, tobacco smoke, fossil fuel combustion, and various contaminated sources. This work reports a rapid method for Cd2+ detection in simulated urine samples containing glucose (GLC) and human urine using the electrochemical technique of square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). Electrochemical techniques for onsite analysis and detection are preferred for their quick response time, application simplicity, inexpensive instrumentation, and potential portability. This approach is a step forward towards Cd2+ detection in biological fluids, despite their composition complexity due to possible interference of its constituents. Application of a simple, well controlled, and uniform carbon nanotube (CNT) thin film generated through spinnable CNT arrays enabled us to increase the surface area of traditional glassy carbon electrodes and made possible the detection of nanomolar concentration of Cd ions in urine samples. This voltammetric technique led to 1.9 nM limit of detection (LOD) in simulated urine, and 5.85 nM (female) and 324 nM (male) LOD in human urine. The developed method would facilitate high throughput screening of human urine samples for assessing Cd exposure in future studies.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85078682592&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85078682592&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113808
DO - 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113808
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85078682592
SN - 1572-6657
VL - 859
JO - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
JF - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
M1 - 113808
ER -