Abstract
Purpose: Abuse-deterrent formulation (ADF) opioid analgesics have been developed as a means to address prescription opioid abuse. ADF opioid use in clinical practice is not well described in the literature. This study characterizes ADF opioid prescribing patterns in 3 diverse states. Methods: This study used data from prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) in California, Florida, and Kentucky. The sample includes all ADF opioid prescriptions for patients ≥18 years old during the study period (CY 2018). Standardized prescribing rates were calculated by age, sex, and county rurality. The ADF opioid prescribing rate was calculated per 1,000 adult recipients of opioid analgesics. Findings: The rate of ADF prescribing per 1,000 adult recipients of opioid analgesics was nearly twice as high in Florida (14.57; 95% CI: 14.44-14.69) than in California (8.30; 95% CI: 8.22-8.37) or Kentucky (8.20; 95% CI: 8.01-8.39). ADF prescribing rates were highest among adults ages 55-74 years and among males. ADF opioid prescribing in rural counties represented a greater proportion of total patients using opioid analgesics than in metro counties in California (RR 1.40; CI: 1.28-1.53). Opposite and less pronounced variation was observed in Kentucky (RR 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88-0.98), and a significant difference was not observed in Florida (RR 0.68; 95% CI: 0.38-1.19). Conclusions: There were significant differences in the ADF prescribing rates among the 3 states and in rural versus metro counties within 2 states. ADF opioid prescribing by age and sex showed similar trends within states. Further research is needed to elucidate contextual factors which may lead to prescribing variation.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 23-28 |
| Number of pages | 6 |
| Journal | Journal of Rural Health |
| Volume | 37 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 1 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2020 National Rural Health Association
Funding
: This study was supported by funding from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under Broad Agency Announcement No. 17–00123 and by the US Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) via grants 2017‐PM‐BX‐K038 and 2017‐PM‐BX‐K026. The BJA is a component of the Department of Justice's Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, the Office for Victims of Crime, and the SMART Office. Points of view or opinions in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the US Department of Justice nor the US FDA. Funding The authors acknowledge the staffs of the Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs in California (Controlled Substance Utilization Review and Evaluation System [CURES]), Florida (Electronic-Florida Online Reporting of Controlled Substances Evaluation [E-FORSCE]), and Kentucky (Kentucky All Schedule Prescription Electronic Reporting System [KASPER]) for their support of this project and express appreciation to June Bae for his assistance with data visualization. This study was supported by funding from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under Broad Agency Announcement No. 17?00123 and by the US Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) via grants 2017-PM-BX-K038 and 2017-PM-BX-K026. The BJA is a component of the Department of Justice's Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, the Office for Victims of Crime, and the SMART Office. Points of view or opinions in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the US Department of Justice nor the US FDA.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Department of Justice's Office of Justice Programs | |
| KASPER | |
| Kentucky (Kentucky All Schedule Prescription Electronic Reporting System | |
| National Institutes of Health (NIH) | R01FD000123 |
| U.S. Food and Drug Administration | 17–00123 |
| U.S. Department of Justice | |
| Bureau of Justice Assistance | 2017‐PM‐BX‐K026, 2017‐PM‐BX‐K038 |
| National Institute of Justice | |
| Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention | |
| Office of Sex Offender Sentencing, Monitoring, Apprehending, Registering, and Tracking | |
| Office for Victims of Crime | |
| Bureau of Justice Statistics |
Keywords
- PDMP
- abuse-deterrent
- geographic variation
- opioid prescribing
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
