Viral testing of 18 consecutive cases of equine serum hepatitis: A prospective study (2014-2018)

Joy E. Tomlinson; Amit Kapoor; Arvind Kumar; Bud C. Tennant; Melissa A. Laverack; Laurie Beard; Katie Delph; Elizabeth Davis; Harold Schott; Kara Lascola; Todd C. Holbrook; Philip Johnson; Sandra D. Taylor; Erica McKenzie; Jessica Carter-Arnold; Emilie Setlakwe; Lisa Fultz; Jeff Brakenhoff; Rebecca Ruby; Sheetal Trivedi; Gerlinde R. Van de Walle; Randall W. Renshaw; Edward J. Dubovi; Thomas J. Divers

doi:10.1111/jvim.15368

Viral testing of 18 consecutive cases of equine serum hepatitis: A prospective study (2014-2018)

Joy E. Tomlinson, Amit Kapoor, Arvind Kumar, Bud C. Tennant, Melissa A. Laverack, Laurie Beard, Katie Delph, Elizabeth Davis, Harold Schott, Kara Lascola, Todd C. Holbrook, Philip Johnson, Sandra D. Taylor, Erica McKenzie, Jessica Carter-Arnold, Emilie Setlakwe, Lisa Fultz, Jeff Brakenhoff, Rebecca Ruby, Sheetal TrivediGerlinde R. Van de Walle, Randall W. Renshaw, Edward J. Dubovi, Thomas J. Divers

Veterinary Science

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

35 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Three flaviviruses (equine pegivirus [EPgV]; Theiler's disease–associated virus [TDAV]; non-primate hepacivirus [NPHV]) and equine parvovirus (EqPV-H) are present in equine blood products; the TDAV, NPHV, and EqPV-H have been suggested as potential causes of serum hepatitis. Objective: To determine the prevalence of these viruses in horses with equine serum hepatitis. Animals: Eighteen horses diagnosed with serum hepatitis, enrolled from US referral hospitals. Methods: In the prospective case study, liver, serum, or both samples were tested for EPgV, TDAV, NPHV, and EqPV-H by PCR. Results: Both liver tissue and serum were tested for 6 cases, serum only for 8 cases, and liver only for 4 cases. Twelve horses received tetanus antitoxin (TAT) 4-12.7 weeks (median = 8 weeks), 3 horses received commercial equine plasma 6-8.6 weeks, and 3 horses received allogenic stem cells 6.4-7.6 weeks before the onset of hepatic failure. All samples were TDAV negative. Two of 14 serum samples were NPHV-positive. Six of 14 serum samples were EPgV-positive. All liver samples were NPHV-negative and EPgV-negative. EqPV-H was detected in the serum (N = 8), liver (N = 4), or both samples (N = 6) of all 18 cases. The TAT of the same lot number was available for virologic testing in 10 of 12 TAT-associated cases, and all 10 samples were EqPV-H positive. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: We demonstrated EqPV-H in 18 consecutive cases of serum hepatitis. EPgV, TDAV, and NPHV were not consistently present. This information should encourage blood product manufacturers to test for EqPV-H and eliminate EqPV-H–infected horses from their donor herds.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	251-257
Number of pages	7
Journal	Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
Volume	33
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15368
State	Published - Jan 1 2019

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
information Harry M. Zweig Memorial Fund for Equine Research National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Grant/Award Number: 2016-67015-24765; Niarchos FamilyDr Mark McMahan, South Lyon, Michigan; Dr William Rhoads, Whitesbooro, Texas; Dr Kelly Whitesel, Eaton, Indiana; Alec Darvin, Shelbyville, Indiana; Dr Kent Cooper, Independence, Kansas; Dr Paul Cotterill, Cherryvale, Kansas; Dr Jason Wooderson, Bolivar, Missouri; Dr Donald St. Ledger, Albion, Illinois; Dr George Eales, San Jose, Illinois are thanked for providing case information and samples for virus testing. The viral testing and data analysis were performed at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio. Parts of this work presented at the 2018 ACVIM Forum, Seattle, Washington. While the viral testing in this case series was performed on a prospective basis, the individual case management was not determined by the study parameters and was performed by the attending clinicians.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.

Keywords

Theiler's disease
horse blood origin biologics
liver failure
parvovirus
tetanus antitoxin

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Veterinary (all)

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1111/jvim.15368

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Tomlinson, J. E., Kapoor, A., Kumar, A., Tennant, B. C., Laverack, M. A., Beard, L., Delph, K., Davis, E., Schott, H., Lascola, K., Holbrook, T. C., Johnson, P., Taylor, S. D., McKenzie, E., Carter-Arnold, J., Setlakwe, E., Fultz, L., Brakenhoff, J., Ruby, R., ... Divers, T. J. (2019). Viral testing of 18 consecutive cases of equine serum hepatitis: A prospective study (2014-2018). Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 33(1), 251-257. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15368

@article{cd551205dee946249a3aa05559f6fb29,

title = "Viral testing of 18 consecutive cases of equine serum hepatitis: A prospective study (2014-2018)",

abstract = "Background: Three flaviviruses (equine pegivirus [EPgV]; Theiler's disease–associated virus [TDAV]; non-primate hepacivirus [NPHV]) and equine parvovirus (EqPV-H) are present in equine blood products; the TDAV, NPHV, and EqPV-H have been suggested as potential causes of serum hepatitis. Objective: To determine the prevalence of these viruses in horses with equine serum hepatitis. Animals: Eighteen horses diagnosed with serum hepatitis, enrolled from US referral hospitals. Methods: In the prospective case study, liver, serum, or both samples were tested for EPgV, TDAV, NPHV, and EqPV-H by PCR. Results: Both liver tissue and serum were tested for 6 cases, serum only for 8 cases, and liver only for 4 cases. Twelve horses received tetanus antitoxin (TAT) 4-12.7 weeks (median = 8 weeks), 3 horses received commercial equine plasma 6-8.6 weeks, and 3 horses received allogenic stem cells 6.4-7.6 weeks before the onset of hepatic failure. All samples were TDAV negative. Two of 14 serum samples were NPHV-positive. Six of 14 serum samples were EPgV-positive. All liver samples were NPHV-negative and EPgV-negative. EqPV-H was detected in the serum (N = 8), liver (N = 4), or both samples (N = 6) of all 18 cases. The TAT of the same lot number was available for virologic testing in 10 of 12 TAT-associated cases, and all 10 samples were EqPV-H positive. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: We demonstrated EqPV-H in 18 consecutive cases of serum hepatitis. EPgV, TDAV, and NPHV were not consistently present. This information should encourage blood product manufacturers to test for EqPV-H and eliminate EqPV-H–infected horses from their donor herds.",

keywords = "Theiler's disease, horse blood origin biologics, liver failure, parvovirus, tetanus antitoxin",

author = "Tomlinson, {Joy E.} and Amit Kapoor and Arvind Kumar and Tennant, {Bud C.} and Laverack, {Melissa A.} and Laurie Beard and Katie Delph and Elizabeth Davis and Harold Schott and Kara Lascola and Holbrook, {Todd C.} and Philip Johnson and Taylor, {Sandra D.} and Erica McKenzie and Jessica Carter-Arnold and Emilie Setlakwe and Lisa Fultz and Jeff Brakenhoff and Rebecca Ruby and Sheetal Trivedi and {Van de Walle}, {Gerlinde R.} and Renshaw, {Randall W.} and Dubovi, {Edward J.} and Divers, {Thomas J.}",

note = "Funding Information: information Harry M. Zweig Memorial Fund for Equine Research National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Grant/Award Number: 2016-67015-24765; Niarchos FamilyDr Mark McMahan, South Lyon, Michigan; Dr William Rhoads, Whitesbooro, Texas; Dr Kelly Whitesel, Eaton, Indiana; Alec Darvin, Shelbyville, Indiana; Dr Kent Cooper, Independence, Kansas; Dr Paul Cotterill, Cherryvale, Kansas; Dr Jason Wooderson, Bolivar, Missouri; Dr Donald St. Ledger, Albion, Illinois; Dr George Eales, San Jose, Illinois are thanked for providing case information and samples for virus testing. The viral testing and data analysis were performed at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio. Parts of this work presented at the 2018 ACVIM Forum, Seattle, Washington. While the viral testing in this case series was performed on a prospective basis, the individual case management was not determined by the study parameters and was performed by the attending clinicians. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.",

year = "2019",

month = jan,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1111/jvim.15368",

language = "English",

volume = "33",

pages = "251--257",

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}

Tomlinson, JE, Kapoor, A, Kumar, A, Tennant, BC, Laverack, MA, Beard, L, Delph, K, Davis, E, Schott, H, Lascola, K, Holbrook, TC, Johnson, P, Taylor, SD, McKenzie, E, Carter-Arnold, J, Setlakwe, E, Fultz, L, Brakenhoff, J, Ruby, R, Trivedi, S, Van de Walle, GR, Renshaw, RW, Dubovi, EJ & Divers, TJ 2019, 'Viral testing of 18 consecutive cases of equine serum hepatitis: A prospective study (2014-2018)', Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 251-257. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15368

TY - JOUR

T1 - Viral testing of 18 consecutive cases of equine serum hepatitis

T2 - A prospective study (2014-2018)

AU - Tomlinson, Joy E.

AU - Kapoor, Amit

AU - Kumar, Arvind

AU - Tennant, Bud C.

AU - Laverack, Melissa A.

AU - Beard, Laurie

AU - Delph, Katie

AU - Davis, Elizabeth

AU - Schott, Harold

AU - Lascola, Kara

AU - Holbrook, Todd C.

AU - Johnson, Philip

AU - Taylor, Sandra D.

AU - McKenzie, Erica

AU - Carter-Arnold, Jessica

AU - Setlakwe, Emilie

AU - Fultz, Lisa

AU - Brakenhoff, Jeff

AU - Ruby, Rebecca

AU - Trivedi, Sheetal

AU - Van de Walle, Gerlinde R.

AU - Renshaw, Randall W.

AU - Dubovi, Edward J.

AU - Divers, Thomas J.

N1 - Funding Information: information Harry M. Zweig Memorial Fund for Equine Research National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Grant/Award Number: 2016-67015-24765; Niarchos FamilyDr Mark McMahan, South Lyon, Michigan; Dr William Rhoads, Whitesbooro, Texas; Dr Kelly Whitesel, Eaton, Indiana; Alec Darvin, Shelbyville, Indiana; Dr Kent Cooper, Independence, Kansas; Dr Paul Cotterill, Cherryvale, Kansas; Dr Jason Wooderson, Bolivar, Missouri; Dr Donald St. Ledger, Albion, Illinois; Dr George Eales, San Jose, Illinois are thanked for providing case information and samples for virus testing. The viral testing and data analysis were performed at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio. Parts of this work presented at the 2018 ACVIM Forum, Seattle, Washington. While the viral testing in this case series was performed on a prospective basis, the individual case management was not determined by the study parameters and was performed by the attending clinicians. Publisher Copyright: © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.

PY - 2019/1/1

Y1 - 2019/1/1

N2 - Background: Three flaviviruses (equine pegivirus [EPgV]; Theiler's disease–associated virus [TDAV]; non-primate hepacivirus [NPHV]) and equine parvovirus (EqPV-H) are present in equine blood products; the TDAV, NPHV, and EqPV-H have been suggested as potential causes of serum hepatitis. Objective: To determine the prevalence of these viruses in horses with equine serum hepatitis. Animals: Eighteen horses diagnosed with serum hepatitis, enrolled from US referral hospitals. Methods: In the prospective case study, liver, serum, or both samples were tested for EPgV, TDAV, NPHV, and EqPV-H by PCR. Results: Both liver tissue and serum were tested for 6 cases, serum only for 8 cases, and liver only for 4 cases. Twelve horses received tetanus antitoxin (TAT) 4-12.7 weeks (median = 8 weeks), 3 horses received commercial equine plasma 6-8.6 weeks, and 3 horses received allogenic stem cells 6.4-7.6 weeks before the onset of hepatic failure. All samples were TDAV negative. Two of 14 serum samples were NPHV-positive. Six of 14 serum samples were EPgV-positive. All liver samples were NPHV-negative and EPgV-negative. EqPV-H was detected in the serum (N = 8), liver (N = 4), or both samples (N = 6) of all 18 cases. The TAT of the same lot number was available for virologic testing in 10 of 12 TAT-associated cases, and all 10 samples were EqPV-H positive. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: We demonstrated EqPV-H in 18 consecutive cases of serum hepatitis. EPgV, TDAV, and NPHV were not consistently present. This information should encourage blood product manufacturers to test for EqPV-H and eliminate EqPV-H–infected horses from their donor herds.

AB - Background: Three flaviviruses (equine pegivirus [EPgV]; Theiler's disease–associated virus [TDAV]; non-primate hepacivirus [NPHV]) and equine parvovirus (EqPV-H) are present in equine blood products; the TDAV, NPHV, and EqPV-H have been suggested as potential causes of serum hepatitis. Objective: To determine the prevalence of these viruses in horses with equine serum hepatitis. Animals: Eighteen horses diagnosed with serum hepatitis, enrolled from US referral hospitals. Methods: In the prospective case study, liver, serum, or both samples were tested for EPgV, TDAV, NPHV, and EqPV-H by PCR. Results: Both liver tissue and serum were tested for 6 cases, serum only for 8 cases, and liver only for 4 cases. Twelve horses received tetanus antitoxin (TAT) 4-12.7 weeks (median = 8 weeks), 3 horses received commercial equine plasma 6-8.6 weeks, and 3 horses received allogenic stem cells 6.4-7.6 weeks before the onset of hepatic failure. All samples were TDAV negative. Two of 14 serum samples were NPHV-positive. Six of 14 serum samples were EPgV-positive. All liver samples were NPHV-negative and EPgV-negative. EqPV-H was detected in the serum (N = 8), liver (N = 4), or both samples (N = 6) of all 18 cases. The TAT of the same lot number was available for virologic testing in 10 of 12 TAT-associated cases, and all 10 samples were EqPV-H positive. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: We demonstrated EqPV-H in 18 consecutive cases of serum hepatitis. EPgV, TDAV, and NPHV were not consistently present. This information should encourage blood product manufacturers to test for EqPV-H and eliminate EqPV-H–infected horses from their donor herds.

KW - Theiler's disease

KW - horse blood origin biologics

KW - liver failure

KW - parvovirus

KW - tetanus antitoxin

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Viral testing of 18 consecutive cases of equine serum hepatitis: A prospective study (2014-2018)

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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