Virology under the Microscope—a Call for Rational Discourse

Felicia Goodrum; Anice C. Lowen; Seema Lakdawala; James Alwine; Arturo Casadevall; Michael J. Imperiale; Walter Atwood; Daphne Avgousti; Joel Baines; Bruce Banfield; Lawrence Banks; Sumita Bhaduri-McIntosh; Deepta Bhattacharya; Daniel Blanco-Melo; David Bloom; Adrianus Boon; Steeve Boulant; Curtis Brandt; Andrew Broadbent; Christopher Brooke; Craig Cameron; Samuel Campos; Patrizia Caposio; Gary Chan; Anna Cliffe; John Coffin; Kathleen Collins; Blossom Damania; Matthew Daugherty; Kari Debbink; James DeCaprio; Terence Dermody; Jimmy Dikeakos; Daniel DiMaio; Rhoel Dinglasan; W. Paul Duprex; Rebecca Dutch; Nels Elde; Michael Emerman; Lynn Enquist; Bentley Fane; Ana Fernandez-Sesma; Michelle Flenniken; Lori Frappier; Matthew Frieman; Klaus Frueh; Michaela Gack; Marta Gaglia; Tom Gallagher; Denise Galloway; Adolfo García-Sastre; Adam Geballe; Britt Glaunsinger; Stephen Goff; Alexander Greninger; Meaghan Hancock; Eva Harris; Nicholas Heaton; Mark Heise; Ekaterina Heldwein; Brenda Hogue; Stacy Horner; Edward Hutchinson; Joseph Hyser; William Jackson; Robert Kalejta; Jeremy Kamil; Stephanie Karst; Frank Kirchhoff; David Knipe; Timothy Kowalik; Michael Lagunoff; Laimonis Laimins; Ryan Langlois; Adam Lauring; Benhur Lee; David Leib; Shan Lu Liu; Richard Longnecker; Carolina Lopez; Micah Luftig; Jennifer Lund; Balaji Manicassamy; Grant McFadden; Michael McIntosh; Andrew Mehle; W. Allen Miller; Ian Mohr; Cary Moody; Nathaniel Moorman; Anne Moscona; Bryan Mounce; Joshua Munger; Karl Münger; Eain Murphy; Mojgan Naghavi; Jay Nelson; Christopher Neufeldt; Janko Nikolich; Christine O'Connor; Akira Ono; Walter Orenstein; David Ornelles; Jing Hsiung Ou; John Parker; Colin Parrish; Andrew Pekosz; Philip Pellett; Julie Pfeiffer; Richard Plemper; Stephen Polyak; John Purdy; Dohun Pyeon; Miguel Quinones-Mateu; Rolf Renne; Charles Rice; John Schoggins; Richard Roller; Charles Russell; Rozanne Sandri-Goldin; Martin Sapp; Luis Schang; Scott Schmid; Stacey Schultz-Cherry; Bert Semler; Thomas Shenk; Guido Silvestri; Viviana Simon; Gregory Smith; Jason Smith; Katherine Spindler; Megan Stanifer; Kanta Subbarao; Wesley Sundquist; Mehul Suthar; Troy Sutton; Andrew Tai; Vera Tarakanova; Benjamin tenOever; Scott Tibbetts; Stephen Tompkins; Zsolt Toth; Koenraad van Doorslaer; Marco Vignuzzi; Nicholas Wallace; Derek Walsh; Michael Weekes; Jason Weinberg; Matthew Weitzman; Sandra Weller; Sean Whelan; Elizabeth White; Bryan Williams; Christiane Wobus; Scott Wong; Andrew Yurochko

doi:10.1128/jvi.00089-23

Virology under the Microscope—a Call for Rational Discourse

Felicia Goodrum
, Anice C. Lowen
, Seema Lakdawala
, James Alwine
, Arturo Casadevall
, Michael J. Imperiale
, Walter Atwood
, Daphne Avgousti
, Joel Baines
, Bruce Banfield
, Lawrence Banks
, Sumita Bhaduri-McIntosh
, Deepta Bhattacharya
, Daniel Blanco-Melo
, David Bloom
, Adrianus Boon
, Steeve Boulant
, Curtis Brandt
, Andrew Broadbent
, Christopher Brooke

Craig Cameron, Samuel Campos, Patrizia Caposio, Gary Chan, Anna Cliffe, John Coffin, Kathleen Collins, Blossom Damania, Matthew Daugherty, Kari Debbink, James DeCaprio, Terence Dermody, Jimmy Dikeakos, Daniel DiMaio, Rhoel Dinglasan, W. Paul Duprex, Rebecca Dutch, Nels Elde, Michael Emerman, Lynn Enquist, Bentley Fane, Ana Fernandez-Sesma, Michelle Flenniken, Lori Frappier, Matthew Frieman, Klaus Frueh, Michaela Gack, Marta Gaglia, Tom Gallagher, Denise Galloway, Adolfo García-Sastre, Adam Geballe, Britt Glaunsinger, Stephen Goff, Alexander Greninger, Meaghan Hancock, Eva Harris, Nicholas Heaton, Mark Heise, Ekaterina Heldwein, Brenda Hogue, Stacy Horner, Edward Hutchinson, Joseph Hyser, William Jackson, Robert Kalejta, Jeremy Kamil, Stephanie Karst, Frank Kirchhoff, David Knipe, Timothy Kowalik, Michael Lagunoff, Laimonis Laimins, Ryan Langlois, Adam Lauring, Benhur Lee, David Leib, Shan Lu Liu, Richard Longnecker, Carolina Lopez, Micah Luftig, Jennifer Lund, Balaji Manicassamy, Grant McFadden, Michael McIntosh, Andrew Mehle, W. Allen Miller, Ian Mohr, Cary Moody, Nathaniel Moorman, Anne Moscona, Bryan Mounce, Joshua Munger, Karl Münger, Eain Murphy, Mojgan Naghavi, Jay Nelson, Christopher Neufeldt, Janko Nikolich, Christine O'Connor, Akira Ono, Walter Orenstein, David Ornelles, Jing Hsiung Ou, John Parker, Colin Parrish, Andrew Pekosz, Philip Pellett, Julie Pfeiffer, Richard Plemper, Stephen Polyak, John Purdy, Dohun Pyeon, Miguel Quinones-Mateu, Rolf Renne, Charles Rice, John Schoggins, Richard Roller, Charles Russell, Rozanne Sandri-Goldin, Martin Sapp, Luis Schang, Scott Schmid, Stacey Schultz-Cherry, Bert Semler, Thomas Shenk, Guido Silvestri, Viviana Simon, Gregory Smith, Jason Smith, Katherine Spindler, Megan Stanifer, Kanta Subbarao, Wesley Sundquist, Mehul Suthar, Troy Sutton, Andrew Tai, Vera Tarakanova, Benjamin tenOever, Scott Tibbetts, Stephen Tompkins, Zsolt Toth, Koenraad van Doorslaer, Marco Vignuzzi, Nicholas Wallace, Derek Walsh, Michael Weekes, Jason Weinberg, Matthew Weitzman, Sandra Weller, Sean Whelan, Elizabeth White, Bryan Williams, Christiane Wobus, Scott Wong, Andrew Yurochko

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

19 Scopus citations

Abstract

Viruses have brought humanity many challenges: respiratory infection, cancer, neurological impairment and immunosuppression to name a few. Virology research over the last 601 years has responded to reduce this disease burden with vaccines and antivirals. Despite this long history, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented attention to the field of virology. Some of this attention is focused on concern about the safe conduct of research with human pathogens. A small but vocal group of individuals has seized upon these concerns – conflating legitimate questions about safely conducting virus-related research with uncertainties over the origins of SARS-CoV-2. The result has fueled public confusion and, in many instances, ill-informed condemnation of virology. With this article, we seek to promote a return to rational discourse. We explain the use of gain-of-function approaches in science, discuss the possible origins of SARS-CoV-2 and outline current regulatory structures that provide oversight for virological research in the United States. By offering our expertise, we – a broad group of working virologists – seek to aid policy makers in navigating these controversial issues. Balanced, evidence-based discourse is essential to addressing public concern while maintaining and expanding much-needed research in virology.

Original language	English
Journal	Journal of Virology
Volume	97
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00089-23
State	Published - Feb 2023

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2023 Goodrum et al.

Funding

aDepartment of Immunobiology, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA bDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA cDepartment of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA dDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA eDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA fBrown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA gFred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA hCornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA iQueen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada jInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy kUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA lUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA mWashington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA nUniversity of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA oUniversity of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA pUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA qUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA rOregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA sSUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA tUniversity of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA uTufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA vUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Copyright © 2023 Goodrum et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Address correspondence to Felicia Goodrum, [email protected]. The authors declare a conflict of interest. Sana Biotechnology has licensed intellectual property of D.B. and Washington University in St. Louis. Gilead Sciences has licensed intellectual property of D.B. and Stanford University. D.B. is a co-founder of Clade Therapeutics. D.B. previously served on an advisory panel for GlaxoSmithKline. D.B. and The University of Arizona hold a patent on SARS-CoV-2 serological assays. K.C. is a special government employee and a member of the Office of AIDS Research Advisory Committee. T.S.D.: Board of Directors, Burroughs Wellcome Fund; Editor, Annual Review of Virology. D.D. is on the scientific advisory board of Theriva. W.P.D. receives support from Moderna. M. F. receives funding from National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), Gates Foundation, Aikido Pharma, (Continued on next page) wUniversity of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA xJohns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA yHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA zUniversity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA aaWestern University, London, Ontario, Canada bbYale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA ccUniversity of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA ddUniversity of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA eePrinceton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA ffIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA ggMontana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA hhUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada iiFlorida Research and Innovation Center, Port Saint Lucie, Florida, USA jjLoyola University, Maywood, Illinois, USA kkUniversity of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA llColumbia University, New York, New York, USA mmUniversity of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA nnDuke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA ooArizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA ppMRC-University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom qqBaylor University, Houston, Texas, USA rrLouisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA ssUlm University, Ulm, Germany ttUniversity of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA uuNorthwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA vvUniversity of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA wwDartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA xxThe Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA yyUniversity of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA zzIowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA aaaNew York University, New York, New York, USA bbbUniversity of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA cccEmory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA dddCleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA eeeWake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA fffUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA gggWayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA hhhUniversity of Texas, Dallas, Texas, USA iiiGeorgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA jjjMichigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA kkkThe Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA lllSt. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA mmmUniversity of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA nnnUniversity of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA oooThe Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia pppThe Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA qqqMedical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA rrrUniversity of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA sssA*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Singapore tttKansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA uuuUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom vvvUniversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA wwwUniversity of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA xxxMonash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia No funding was used to support this commentary, but we wish to disclose funding from agencies received by authors. JCA None WJA NIH DCA NIH JDB NIH BWB CIHR, NSERC LB Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, ICGEB SBM NIH DB NIH, Private Foundation DBM Private Foundation DCB NIH, Private Foundation ACB NIH SB None CRB NIH, NSF, Private Foundation AJB USDA, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), UK CBB NIH, DOD CEC NIH SKC NIH PC NIH AC NIH GCC NIH ARC NIH, Private Foundation JMC NIH KC NIH BD NIH MDD NIH, Burroughs Wellcome Investigators in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease Program KD None JAD NIH, Private Foundation TSD NIH, Private Foundation, Heinz Endowments JDD Canadian Institutes of Health Research and Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada DD NIH RRD NIH, USDA, Private Foundation WPD NIH, Zoetis LLC, Moderna, Coalition for Epidemics Preparedness Initiatives (CEPI) RED NIH NCE NIH, Howard Hughes Medical Institute ME NIH LWE None BAF NSF AFS NIH MLF NSF, USDA, Private Foundation LF Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) MBF NIH, Novavax, Astrazeneca, Pfizer, BARDA, Eli Lilly KF NIH, DOD, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation MUG NIH MMG NIH, Private Foundation TG NIH DG NIH, Private Foundation AG-S NIH, DOD, Private Foundation APG NIH BAG NIH, Howard Hughes Medical Institute SPG NIH, Private Foundation FG NIH ALG None MHH NIH EH NIH NSH NIH, DOD, Private Foundation MTH NIH EEH NIH, Private Foundation BGH NIH, NSF SMH NIH ECH UK Medical Research Council, UK Medical Research Council JMH NIH MJI NIH, Via Nova Therapeutics WTJ NIH RFK NIH JPK NIH SMK NIH FK German research foundation (DFG), European research council (ERC) DMK NIH TK NIH, Moderna ML NIH LL NIH SSL NIH RAL NIH ASL NIH, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Flu Lab, CDC BL NIH, NSF, Private Foundation DAL NIH SL NIH, Private donor's fund, Ohio State. startup fund RML NIH CBL NIH ACL NIH, Private Foundation MAL NIH JML NIH BM NIH GM NIH MTM NIH, DHS AMehle NIH, Private Foundation WAM NIH, Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University IM NIH CM NIH NJM NIH AMoscona NIH BCM NIH KM NIH JCM NIH EAM NIH MHN NIH JAN NIH CJN None JZN NIH CMO None AO NIH WAO NIH, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation DAO NIH, Private Foundation JHJO NIH JSP NIH CRP NIH, Private Foundation AP NIH, Private Foundation, CDC PEP NIH JKP NIH, Private Foundation RKP NIH, DOD, Gilead Sciences, Enanta Pharmaceuticals SJP None JGP NIH DP NIH, Private Foundation MQM NIH, Private Foundation RR NIH CMR NIH, Private Foundation RJR NIH CJR NIH RS-G NIH MS NIH LMS NIH, Cornell University, Private donors, Fast Grants SS None JWS NIH SSC NIH, Private Foundation BLS NIH TS NIH, DOD GS NIH, Private Foundation VS NIH, Private Foundation GAS NIH, USDA JGS NIH KRS NIH MLS start-up funds from the University of Florida KS Australian government, NHRMC WIS NIH MSS NIH TCS NIH, USDA AWT NIH VLT NIH, Private Foundation BT NIH, DOD, Private Foundation SAT NIH SMT NIH ZT NIH KVD NIH, Private Foundation MV None NAW NIH DW NIH MPW Medical Research Council, UK (MR/W025647/1); UKRI mpox research consortium (BB/X011143/1) JBW NIH MDW NIH SKW NIH EAW NIH, Private Foundation SPJW NIH, Private Foundation, USAID, Vir Biotechnology BRGW Private Foundation CEW NIH, University of Michigan SWW NIH ADY NIH.

Funders	Funder number
University of Maryland, University of Wisconsin, University of California-Berkeley
United States Agency for International Development
Aikido Pharma Incorporated
Private Foundation APG NIH
The Johns Hopkins University
National Science Foundation Arctic Social Science Program
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
Port Saint Lucie
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
Research and Innovation (MASTRI) Center
University of California San Diego Health
Eli Lilly KF NIH
CDC BL NIH
Private Foundation LF Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Gilead Sciences
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, 26Department of Psychiatry
York University, New York, New York, USA bbbUniversity of Rochester, Rochester, New York
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious F32-AI286447 Cydney N. Johnson Diseases National Institute of Allergy and Infectious R01AI168214 Jason W. Rosch Diseases National Institute of Allergy and Infectious P30 Cydney N. Johnson Diseases National Institute of Allergy and Infectious R00-AI166116 Christopher D. Radka Diseases National Institute of Allergy and Infectious T32-AI106700 Cydney N. Johnson Diseases National Institute of Allergy and Infectious R01AI192221 Jason W. Rosch Diseases National Inst...
Wake Forest University
Louisiana State University in Shreveport
Rockefeller University
Zoetis
Private Foundation
MBF NIH
Heinz Endowments JDD Canadian Institutes of Health Research and Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Canadian Institutes of Health Research
H2020 European Research Council
Michigan Diabetes Research Center, University of Michigan
Burroughs Wellcome Fund
U.S. Department of Defense
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
University, New York, New York, USA mmUniversity of Washington
UK Industrial Decarbonization Research and Innovation Centre	BB/X011143/1
Florida AandM University and Florida State University	MR/W025647/1

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

Keywords

COVID-19
Coronavirus
DURC
Gain of function
SARS-CoV-2
biosafety
influenza
pandemic
vaccines
zoonosis

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Microbiology
Immunology
Insect Science
Virology

Access to Document

10.1128/jvi.00089-23

Cite this

Goodrum, F., Lowen, A. C., Lakdawala, S., Alwine, J., Casadevall, A., Imperiale, M. J., Atwood, W., Avgousti, D., Baines, J., Banfield, B., Banks, L., Bhaduri-McIntosh, S., Bhattacharya, D., Blanco-Melo, D., Bloom, D., Boon, A., Boulant, S., Brandt, C., Broadbent, A., ... Yurochko, A. (2023). Virology under the Microscope—a Call for Rational Discourse. Journal of Virology, 97(2). https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00089-23

@article{ba7ad962bb504c62afefa522511d1cfb,

title = "Virology under the Microscope—a Call for Rational Discourse",

abstract = "Viruses have brought humanity many challenges: respiratory infection, cancer, neurological impairment and immunosuppression to name a few. Virology research over the last 601 years has responded to reduce this disease burden with vaccines and antivirals. Despite this long history, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented attention to the field of virology. Some of this attention is focused on concern about the safe conduct of research with human pathogens. A small but vocal group of individuals has seized upon these concerns – conflating legitimate questions about safely conducting virus-related research with uncertainties over the origins of SARS-CoV-2. The result has fueled public confusion and, in many instances, ill-informed condemnation of virology. With this article, we seek to promote a return to rational discourse. We explain the use of gain-of-function approaches in science, discuss the possible origins of SARS-CoV-2 and outline current regulatory structures that provide oversight for virological research in the United States. By offering our expertise, we – a broad group of working virologists – seek to aid policy makers in navigating these controversial issues. Balanced, evidence-based discourse is essential to addressing public concern while maintaining and expanding much-needed research in virology.",

keywords = "COVID-19, Coronavirus, DURC, Gain of function, SARS-CoV-2, biosafety, influenza, pandemic, vaccines, zoonosis",

author = "Felicia Goodrum and Lowen, \{Anice C.\} and Seema Lakdawala and James Alwine and Arturo Casadevall and Imperiale, \{Michael J.\} and Walter Atwood and Daphne Avgousti and Joel Baines and Bruce Banfield and Lawrence Banks and Sumita Bhaduri-McIntosh and Deepta Bhattacharya and Daniel Blanco-Melo and David Bloom and Adrianus Boon and Steeve Boulant and Curtis Brandt and Andrew Broadbent and Christopher Brooke and Craig Cameron and Samuel Campos and Patrizia Caposio and Gary Chan and Anna Cliffe and John Coffin and Kathleen Collins and Blossom Damania and Matthew Daugherty and Kari Debbink and James DeCaprio and Terence Dermody and Jimmy Dikeakos and Daniel DiMaio and Rhoel Dinglasan and Duprex, \{W. Paul\} and Rebecca Dutch and Nels Elde and Michael Emerman and Lynn Enquist and Bentley Fane and Ana Fernandez-Sesma and Michelle Flenniken and Lori Frappier and Matthew Frieman and Klaus Frueh and Michaela Gack and Marta Gaglia and Tom Gallagher and Denise Galloway and Adolfo Garc{\'i}a-Sastre and Adam Geballe and Britt Glaunsinger and Stephen Goff and Alexander Greninger and Meaghan Hancock and Eva Harris and Nicholas Heaton and Mark Heise and Ekaterina Heldwein and Brenda Hogue and Stacy Horner and Edward Hutchinson and Joseph Hyser and William Jackson and Robert Kalejta and Jeremy Kamil and Stephanie Karst and Frank Kirchhoff and David Knipe and Timothy Kowalik and Michael Lagunoff and Laimonis Laimins and Ryan Langlois and Adam Lauring and Benhur Lee and David Leib and Liu, \{Shan Lu\} and Richard Longnecker and Carolina Lopez and Micah Luftig and Jennifer Lund and Balaji Manicassamy and Grant McFadden and Michael McIntosh and Andrew Mehle and Miller, \{W. Allen\} and Ian Mohr and Cary Moody and Nathaniel Moorman and Anne Moscona and Bryan Mounce and Joshua Munger and Karl M{\"u}nger and Eain Murphy and Mojgan Naghavi and Jay Nelson and Christopher Neufeldt and Janko Nikolich and Christine O'Connor and Akira Ono and Walter Orenstein and David Ornelles and Ou, \{Jing Hsiung\} and John Parker and Colin Parrish and Andrew Pekosz and Philip Pellett and Julie Pfeiffer and Richard Plemper and Stephen Polyak and John Purdy and Dohun Pyeon and Miguel Quinones-Mateu and Rolf Renne and Charles Rice and John Schoggins and Richard Roller and Charles Russell and Rozanne Sandri-Goldin and Martin Sapp and Luis Schang and Scott Schmid and Stacey Schultz-Cherry and Bert Semler and Thomas Shenk and Guido Silvestri and Viviana Simon and Gregory Smith and Jason Smith and Katherine Spindler and Megan Stanifer and Kanta Subbarao and Wesley Sundquist and Mehul Suthar and Troy Sutton and Andrew Tai and Vera Tarakanova and Benjamin tenOever and Scott Tibbetts and Stephen Tompkins and Zsolt Toth and \{van Doorslaer\}, Koenraad and Marco Vignuzzi and Nicholas Wallace and Derek Walsh and Michael Weekes and Jason Weinberg and Matthew Weitzman and Sandra Weller and Sean Whelan and Elizabeth White and Bryan Williams and Christiane Wobus and Scott Wong and Andrew Yurochko",

note = "Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2023 Goodrum et al.",

year = "2023",

month = feb,

doi = "10.1128/jvi.00089-23",

language = "English",

volume = "97",

number = "2",

}

Goodrum, F, Lowen, AC, Lakdawala, S, Alwine, J, Casadevall, A, Imperiale, MJ, Atwood, W, Avgousti, D, Baines, J, Banfield, B, Banks, L, Bhaduri-McIntosh, S, Bhattacharya, D, Blanco-Melo, D, Bloom, D, Boon, A, Boulant, S, Brandt, C, Broadbent, A, Brooke, C, Cameron, C, Campos, S, Caposio, P, Chan, G, Cliffe, A, Coffin, J, Collins, K, Damania, B, Daugherty, M, Debbink, K, DeCaprio, J, Dermody, T, Dikeakos, J, DiMaio, D, Dinglasan, R, Duprex, WP, Dutch, R, Elde, N, Emerman, M, Enquist, L, Fane, B, Fernandez-Sesma, A, Flenniken, M, Frappier, L, Frieman, M, Frueh, K, Gack, M, Gaglia, M, Gallagher, T, Galloway, D, García-Sastre, A, Geballe, A, Glaunsinger, B, Goff, S, Greninger, A, Hancock, M, Harris, E, Heaton, N, Heise, M, Heldwein, E, Hogue, B, Horner, S, Hutchinson, E, Hyser, J, Jackson, W, Kalejta, R, Kamil, J, Karst, S, Kirchhoff, F, Knipe, D, Kowalik, T, Lagunoff, M, Laimins, L, Langlois, R, Lauring, A, Lee, B, Leib, D, Liu, SL, Longnecker, R, Lopez, C, Luftig, M, Lund, J, Manicassamy, B, McFadden, G, McIntosh, M, Mehle, A, Miller, WA, Mohr, I, Moody, C, Moorman, N, Moscona, A, Mounce, B, Munger, J, Münger, K, Murphy, E, Naghavi, M, Nelson, J, Neufeldt, C, Nikolich, J, O'Connor, C, Ono, A, Orenstein, W, Ornelles, D, Ou, JH, Parker, J, Parrish, C, Pekosz, A, Pellett, P, Pfeiffer, J, Plemper, R, Polyak, S, Purdy, J, Pyeon, D, Quinones-Mateu, M, Renne, R, Rice, C, Schoggins, J, Roller, R, Russell, C, Sandri-Goldin, R, Sapp, M, Schang, L, Schmid, S, Schultz-Cherry, S, Semler, B, Shenk, T, Silvestri, G, Simon, V, Smith, G, Smith, J, Spindler, K, Stanifer, M, Subbarao, K, Sundquist, W, Suthar, M, Sutton, T, Tai, A, Tarakanova, V, tenOever, B, Tibbetts, S, Tompkins, S, Toth, Z, van Doorslaer, K, Vignuzzi, M, Wallace, N, Walsh, D, Weekes, M, Weinberg, J, Weitzman, M, Weller, S, Whelan, S, White, E, Williams, B, Wobus, C, Wong, S & Yurochko, A 2023, 'Virology under the Microscope—a Call for Rational Discourse', Journal of Virology, vol. 97, no. 2. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00089-23

TY - JOUR

T1 - Virology under the Microscope—a Call for Rational Discourse

AU - Goodrum, Felicia

AU - Lowen, Anice C.

AU - Lakdawala, Seema

AU - Alwine, James

AU - Casadevall, Arturo

AU - Imperiale, Michael J.

AU - Atwood, Walter

AU - Avgousti, Daphne

AU - Baines, Joel

AU - Banfield, Bruce

AU - Banks, Lawrence

AU - Bhaduri-McIntosh, Sumita

AU - Bhattacharya, Deepta

AU - Blanco-Melo, Daniel

AU - Bloom, David

AU - Boon, Adrianus

AU - Boulant, Steeve

AU - Brandt, Curtis

AU - Broadbent, Andrew

AU - Brooke, Christopher

AU - Cameron, Craig

AU - Campos, Samuel

AU - Caposio, Patrizia

AU - Chan, Gary

AU - Cliffe, Anna

AU - Coffin, John

AU - Collins, Kathleen

AU - Damania, Blossom

AU - Daugherty, Matthew

AU - Debbink, Kari

AU - DeCaprio, James

AU - Dermody, Terence

AU - Dikeakos, Jimmy

AU - DiMaio, Daniel

AU - Dinglasan, Rhoel

AU - Duprex, W. Paul

AU - Dutch, Rebecca

AU - Elde, Nels

AU - Emerman, Michael

AU - Enquist, Lynn

AU - Fane, Bentley

AU - Fernandez-Sesma, Ana

AU - Flenniken, Michelle

AU - Frappier, Lori

AU - Frieman, Matthew

AU - Frueh, Klaus

AU - Gack, Michaela

AU - Gaglia, Marta

AU - Gallagher, Tom

AU - Galloway, Denise

AU - García-Sastre, Adolfo

AU - Geballe, Adam

AU - Glaunsinger, Britt

AU - Goff, Stephen

AU - Greninger, Alexander

AU - Hancock, Meaghan

AU - Harris, Eva

AU - Heaton, Nicholas

AU - Heise, Mark

AU - Heldwein, Ekaterina

AU - Hogue, Brenda

AU - Horner, Stacy

AU - Hutchinson, Edward

AU - Hyser, Joseph

AU - Jackson, William

AU - Kalejta, Robert

AU - Kamil, Jeremy

AU - Karst, Stephanie

AU - Kirchhoff, Frank

AU - Knipe, David

AU - Kowalik, Timothy

AU - Lagunoff, Michael

AU - Laimins, Laimonis

AU - Langlois, Ryan

AU - Lauring, Adam

AU - Lee, Benhur

AU - Leib, David

AU - Liu, Shan Lu

AU - Longnecker, Richard

AU - Lopez, Carolina

AU - Luftig, Micah

AU - Lund, Jennifer

AU - Manicassamy, Balaji

AU - McFadden, Grant

AU - McIntosh, Michael

AU - Mehle, Andrew

AU - Miller, W. Allen

AU - Mohr, Ian

AU - Moody, Cary

AU - Moorman, Nathaniel

AU - Moscona, Anne

AU - Mounce, Bryan

AU - Munger, Joshua

AU - Münger, Karl

AU - Murphy, Eain

AU - Naghavi, Mojgan

AU - Nelson, Jay

AU - Neufeldt, Christopher

AU - Nikolich, Janko

AU - O'Connor, Christine

AU - Ono, Akira

AU - Orenstein, Walter

AU - Ornelles, David

AU - Ou, Jing Hsiung

AU - Parker, John

AU - Parrish, Colin

AU - Pekosz, Andrew

AU - Pellett, Philip

AU - Pfeiffer, Julie

AU - Plemper, Richard

AU - Polyak, Stephen

AU - Purdy, John

AU - Pyeon, Dohun

AU - Quinones-Mateu, Miguel

AU - Renne, Rolf

AU - Rice, Charles

AU - Schoggins, John

AU - Roller, Richard

AU - Russell, Charles

AU - Sandri-Goldin, Rozanne

AU - Sapp, Martin

AU - Schang, Luis

AU - Schmid, Scott

AU - Schultz-Cherry, Stacey

AU - Semler, Bert

AU - Shenk, Thomas

AU - Silvestri, Guido

AU - Simon, Viviana

AU - Smith, Gregory

AU - Smith, Jason

AU - Spindler, Katherine

AU - Stanifer, Megan

AU - Subbarao, Kanta

AU - Sundquist, Wesley

AU - Suthar, Mehul

AU - Sutton, Troy

AU - Tai, Andrew

AU - Tarakanova, Vera

AU - tenOever, Benjamin

AU - Tibbetts, Scott

AU - Tompkins, Stephen

AU - Toth, Zsolt

AU - van Doorslaer, Koenraad

AU - Vignuzzi, Marco

AU - Wallace, Nicholas

AU - Walsh, Derek

AU - Weekes, Michael

AU - Weinberg, Jason

AU - Weitzman, Matthew

AU - Weller, Sandra

AU - Whelan, Sean

AU - White, Elizabeth

AU - Williams, Bryan

AU - Wobus, Christiane

AU - Wong, Scott

AU - Yurochko, Andrew

PY - 2023/2

Y1 - 2023/2

N2 - Viruses have brought humanity many challenges: respiratory infection, cancer, neurological impairment and immunosuppression to name a few. Virology research over the last 601 years has responded to reduce this disease burden with vaccines and antivirals. Despite this long history, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented attention to the field of virology. Some of this attention is focused on concern about the safe conduct of research with human pathogens. A small but vocal group of individuals has seized upon these concerns – conflating legitimate questions about safely conducting virus-related research with uncertainties over the origins of SARS-CoV-2. The result has fueled public confusion and, in many instances, ill-informed condemnation of virology. With this article, we seek to promote a return to rational discourse. We explain the use of gain-of-function approaches in science, discuss the possible origins of SARS-CoV-2 and outline current regulatory structures that provide oversight for virological research in the United States. By offering our expertise, we – a broad group of working virologists – seek to aid policy makers in navigating these controversial issues. Balanced, evidence-based discourse is essential to addressing public concern while maintaining and expanding much-needed research in virology.

AB - Viruses have brought humanity many challenges: respiratory infection, cancer, neurological impairment and immunosuppression to name a few. Virology research over the last 601 years has responded to reduce this disease burden with vaccines and antivirals. Despite this long history, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented attention to the field of virology. Some of this attention is focused on concern about the safe conduct of research with human pathogens. A small but vocal group of individuals has seized upon these concerns – conflating legitimate questions about safely conducting virus-related research with uncertainties over the origins of SARS-CoV-2. The result has fueled public confusion and, in many instances, ill-informed condemnation of virology. With this article, we seek to promote a return to rational discourse. We explain the use of gain-of-function approaches in science, discuss the possible origins of SARS-CoV-2 and outline current regulatory structures that provide oversight for virological research in the United States. By offering our expertise, we – a broad group of working virologists – seek to aid policy makers in navigating these controversial issues. Balanced, evidence-based discourse is essential to addressing public concern while maintaining and expanding much-needed research in virology.

KW - COVID-19

KW - Coronavirus

KW - DURC

KW - Gain of function

KW - SARS-CoV-2

KW - biosafety

KW - influenza

KW - pandemic

KW - vaccines

KW - zoonosis

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85149153955

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85149153955#tab=citedBy

U2 - 10.1128/jvi.00089-23

DO - 10.1128/jvi.00089-23

M3 - Review article

C2 - 36700653

AN - SCOPUS:85149153955

SN - 0022-538X

VL - 97

JO - Journal of Virology

JF - Journal of Virology

IS - 2

ER -

Virology under the Microscope—a Call for Rational Discourse

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