Virtue Epistemology for the Zetetic Turn

This paper develops and argues for a virtue epistemology that includes performance-normative evaluations of interrogative attitudes (IAs) and not just beliefs. In this way, it brings virtue epistemology to interrogative epistemology. The motivating thought behind our proposal is an analogy: as the semantic property of truth is to answering attitudes, so the semantic property of soundness (the property questions have when they admit of true, direct answers) is to questioning attitudes. With this notion of basic success for IAs in hand, we go on to develop notions of competence and aptness for IAs. Roughly, our view says that (1) IAs are competent when they manifest (rightly situated) dispositions to form IAs in sound questions reliably enough, and (2) IAs are apt when their being directed towards a sound question manifests the relevant competence. A complete virtue epistemology that treats both beliefs and IAs is, we argue, better positioned to account for the way that success in questioning sets up yet further success in answering. Moreover, our complete virtue epistemology generates evaluative norms on IAs not yet represented in the emerging zetetic literature.