2012 American College of Cardiology Foundation/Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions Expert Consensus Document on Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Standards update: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents

The last expert consensus document on cardiac catheterization laboratory standards was published in 2001 (1). Since then, many changes have occurred as the setting has evolved from being primarily diagnostic based into a therapeutic environment. Technology has changed both the imaging and reporting systems. The lower risk of invasive procedures has seen the expansion of cardiac catheterization laboratories to sites without onsite cardiovascular surgery backup and even to community hospitals where primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is now being performed. This has increased the importance of quality assurance (QA) and quality improvement (QI) initiatives. At the same time, the laboratory has become a multipurpose suite with both diagnostic procedures to investigate pulmonary hypertension and coronary flow and with therapeutic procedures that now include intervention into the cerebral and peripheral vascular systems as well as in structural heart disease. These new procedures have impacted both the adult and pediatric catheterization laboratories. The approaches now available allow for the treatment of even very complex heart disease and have led to the development of hybrid cardiac catheterization laboratories where a team of physicians (including invasive cardiologists, cardiovascular surgeons, noninvasive cardiologists, and anesthesiologists) is required.