A novel distributed sensor positioning system using the dual of target tracking

As one of the fundamental issues in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the sensor localization problem has recently received extensive attention. In this work, we investigate this problem from a novel perspective by treating it as a functional dual of target tracking. In traditional tracking problems, static location-aware sensors track and predict the position and/or velocity of a moving target. As a dual, we utilize a moving location assistant (LA) (with a global positioning system (GPS) or a predefined moving path) to help location-unaware sensors to accurately discover their positions. We call our proposed system Landscape. In Landscape, an LA (an aircraft, for example) periodically broadcasts its current location (we call it a beacon) while it moves around or through a sensor field. Each sensor collects the location beacons, measures the distance between itself and the LA based on the received signal strength (RSS), and individually calculates their locations via an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF)-based algorithm. Landscape has several features that are favorable to WSNs, such as high scalability, no intersensor communication overhead, moderate computation cost, robustness to range errors and network connectivity, etc. Extensive simulations demonstrate that Landscape is an efficient sensor positioning scheme for outdoor sensor networks.