A review of unmanned aerial vehicles, citizen science, and interferometry remote sensing in landslide hazards: Applications in transportation routes and mining environments

Landslides have historically affected multiple aspects of civilization, such as infrastructure, transportation, and even human lives. Their occurrence and evolution are quite versatile in terms of triggering mechanisms, volume, scale, and dynamics, and thus, several practices have been implemented to assess them, based on geodetic, geotechnical, remote sensing, and hybrid instrumentation. Remote sensing offers several approaches to model, monitor, and predict landslides from space, air, and land. New trends of remote sensing under the context of landslide modeling are demonstrated, including unmanned aerial systems, citizen science, and radar interferometry. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and citizen science practices have not yet reached maturity, thus providing recurring applications and lack of a common methodological approach. Nevertheless, radar interferometry has been applied in several studies that demonstrate centimeter deformation detection. A series of paradigms are presented regarding transportation networks and mining-induced landslides.