Contingency studies of a real power system and violation mitigation measures

This paper presents the contingency studies of a large utility system based on North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) requirements. We have identified the problem contingencies that cause either low voltage level or branch overloading. In general, two measures have been adopted to mitigate violation, which are reducing system load and reducing local load. The critical load level (CLL) to eliminate either voltage or flow violations has been obtained.