Intensive disc-reverberation mapping of Fairall 9: First year of Swift and LCO monitoring

J. V.Hernández Santisteban; R. Edelson; K. Horne; J. M. Gelbord; A. J. Barth; E. M. Cackett; M. R. Goad; H. Netzer; D. Starkey; P. Uttley; W. N. Brandt; K. Korista; A. M. Lohfink; C. A. Onken; K. L. Page; M. Siegel; M. Vestergaard; S. Bisogni; A. A. Breeveld; S. B. Cenko; E. Dalla Bontà; P. A. Evans; G. Ferland; D. H. Gonzalez-Buitrago; D. Grupe; M. D. Joner; G. Kriss; S. J. LaPorte; S. Mathur; F. Marshall; M. Mehdipour; D. Mudd; B. M. Peterson; T. Schmidt; S. Vaughan; S. Valenti

doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2365

Intensive disc-reverberation mapping of Fairall 9: First year of Swift and LCO monitoring

J. V.Hernández Santisteban
, R. Edelson
, K. Horne
, J. M. Gelbord
, A. J. Barth
, E. M. Cackett
, M. R. Goad
, H. Netzer
, D. Starkey
, P. Uttley
, W. N. Brandt
, K. Korista
, A. M. Lohfink
, C. A. Onken
, K. L. Page
, M. Siegel
, M. Vestergaard
, S. Bisogni
, A. A. Breeveld
, S. B. Cenko

E. Dalla Bontà, P. A. Evans, G. Ferland, D. H. Gonzalez-Buitrago, D. Grupe, M. D. Joner, G. Kriss, S. J. LaPorte, S. Mathur, F. Marshall, M. Mehdipour, D. Mudd, B. M. Peterson, T. Schmidt, S. Vaughan, S. Valenti

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89 Citas (SciVal)

Resumen

We present results of time-series analysis of the first year of the Fairall 9 intensive disc-reverberation campaign. We used Swift and the Las Cumbres Observatory global telescope network to continuously monitor Fairall 9 from X-rays to near-infrared at a daily to subdaily cadence. The cross-correlation function between bands provides evidence for a lag spectrum consistent with the τ ∝ λ^4/3 scaling expected for an optically thick, geometrically thin blackbody accretion disc. Decomposing the flux into constant and variable components, the variable component's spectral energy distribution is slightly steeper than the standard accretion disc prediction. We find evidence at the Balmer edge in both the lag and flux spectra for an additional bound-free continuum contribution that may arise from reprocessing in the broad-line region. The inferred driving light curve suggests two distinct components, a rapidly variable (<4 d) component arising from X-ray reprocessing, and a more slowly varying (>100 d) component with an opposite lag to the reverberation signal.

Idioma original	English
Páginas (desde-hasta)	5399-5416
Número de páginas	18
Publicación	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volumen	498
N.º	4
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2365
Estado	Published - nov 1 2020

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Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Author(s)

Financiación

We would like to thank the anonymous referee for their comments that greatly improved this paper. JVHS and KH acknowledge support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council grant ST/R000824/1. RE gratefully acknowledges support from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Swift Key Project grant number 80NSSC19K0153. JMG gratefully acknowledges support from NASA under the ADAP award 80NSSC17K0126. AAB, KLP, and PAE acknowledge support from the UK Space Agency. Research by AJB was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grant AST-1907290. EMC gratefully acknowledges support from the NSF through grant AST-1909199. MV gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Independent Research Fund Denmark via grant number DFF 8021-00130. The authors appreciate the hard work and dedication of the Swift Observatory staff, who created a new UVOT mode in support of this project and put in considerable effort in scheduling this large program. This work makes use of observations from the LCO network, and of the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research was made possible through the use of the AAVSO Photometric All-Sky Survey (APASS), funded by the Robert Martin Ayers Sciences Fund and NSF AST-1412587. This research also made use of ASTROPY, a community-developed core PYTHON package for astronomy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013), and MATPLOTLIB (Hunter 2007).

Financiadores	Número del financiador
UK Space Agency
UK Industrial Decarbonization Research and Innovation Centre
National Science Foundation Arctic Social Science Program	AST-1907290, 1412587, 1907290, AST-1909199
Science and Technology Facilities Council	ST/R000824/1
Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond	DFF 8021-00130
National Aeronautics and Space Administration	80NSSC17K0126, 80NSSC19K0153
IPAC	AST-1412587, 2013

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

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10.1093/mnras/staa2365

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Santisteban, J. V. H., Edelson, R., Horne, K., Gelbord, J. M., Barth, A. J., Cackett, E. M., Goad, M. R., Netzer, H., Starkey, D., Uttley, P., Brandt, W. N., Korista, K., Lohfink, A. M., Onken, C. A., Page, K. L., Siegel, M., Vestergaard, M., Bisogni, S., Breeveld, A. A., ... Valenti, S. (2020). Intensive disc-reverberation mapping of Fairall 9: First year of Swift and LCO monitoring. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 498(4), 5399-5416. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2365

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title = "Intensive disc-reverberation mapping of Fairall 9: First year of Swift and LCO monitoring",

abstract = "We present results of time-series analysis of the first year of the Fairall 9 intensive disc-reverberation campaign. We used Swift and the Las Cumbres Observatory global telescope network to continuously monitor Fairall 9 from X-rays to near-infrared at a daily to subdaily cadence. The cross-correlation function between bands provides evidence for a lag spectrum consistent with the τ ∝ λ4/3 scaling expected for an optically thick, geometrically thin blackbody accretion disc. Decomposing the flux into constant and variable components, the variable component's spectral energy distribution is slightly steeper than the standard accretion disc prediction. We find evidence at the Balmer edge in both the lag and flux spectra for an additional bound-free continuum contribution that may arise from reprocessing in the broad-line region. The inferred driving light curve suggests two distinct components, a rapidly variable (<4 d) component arising from X-ray reprocessing, and a more slowly varying (>100 d) component with an opposite lag to the reverberation signal.",

keywords = "Accretion, Accretion discs, Galaxies: active, Quasars: individual: Fairall 9",

author = "Santisteban, \{J. V.Hern{\'a}ndez\} and R. Edelson and K. Horne and Gelbord, \{J. M.\} and Barth, \{A. J.\} and Cackett, \{E. M.\} and Goad, \{M. R.\} and H. Netzer and D. Starkey and P. Uttley and Brandt, \{W. N.\} and K. Korista and Lohfink, \{A. M.\} and Onken, \{C. A.\} and Page, \{K. L.\} and M. Siegel and M. Vestergaard and S. Bisogni and Breeveld, \{A. A.\} and Cenko, \{S. B.\} and Bont{\`a}, \{E. Dalla\} and Evans, \{P. A.\} and G. Ferland and Gonzalez-Buitrago, \{D. H.\} and D. Grupe and Joner, \{M. D.\} and G. Kriss and LaPorte, \{S. J.\} and S. Mathur and F. Marshall and M. Mehdipour and D. Mudd and Peterson, \{B. M.\} and T. Schmidt and S. Vaughan and S. Valenti",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 The Author(s)",

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month = nov,

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doi = "10.1093/mnras/staa2365",

language = "English",

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Santisteban, JVH, Edelson, R, Horne, K, Gelbord, JM, Barth, AJ, Cackett, EM, Goad, MR, Netzer, H, Starkey, D, Uttley, P, Brandt, WN, Korista, K, Lohfink, AM, Onken, CA, Page, KL, Siegel, M, Vestergaard, M, Bisogni, S, Breeveld, AA, Cenko, SB, Bontà, ED, Evans, PA, Ferland, G, Gonzalez-Buitrago, DH, Grupe, D, Joner, MD, Kriss, G, LaPorte, SJ, Mathur, S, Marshall, F, Mehdipour, M, Mudd, D, Peterson, BM, Schmidt, T, Vaughan, S & Valenti, S 2020, 'Intensive disc-reverberation mapping of Fairall 9: First year of Swift and LCO monitoring', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 498, n.º 4, pp. 5399-5416. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2365

TY - JOUR

T1 - Intensive disc-reverberation mapping of Fairall 9

T2 - First year of Swift and LCO monitoring

AU - Santisteban, J. V.Hernández

AU - Edelson, R.

AU - Horne, K.

AU - Gelbord, J. M.

AU - Barth, A. J.

AU - Cackett, E. M.

AU - Goad, M. R.

AU - Netzer, H.

AU - Starkey, D.

AU - Uttley, P.

AU - Brandt, W. N.

AU - Korista, K.

AU - Lohfink, A. M.

AU - Onken, C. A.

AU - Page, K. L.

AU - Siegel, M.

AU - Vestergaard, M.

AU - Bisogni, S.

AU - Breeveld, A. A.

AU - Cenko, S. B.

AU - Bontà, E. Dalla

AU - Evans, P. A.

AU - Ferland, G.

AU - Gonzalez-Buitrago, D. H.

AU - Grupe, D.

AU - Joner, M. D.

AU - Kriss, G.

AU - LaPorte, S. J.

AU - Mathur, S.

AU - Marshall, F.

AU - Mehdipour, M.

AU - Mudd, D.

AU - Peterson, B. M.

AU - Schmidt, T.

AU - Vaughan, S.

AU - Valenti, S.

PY - 2020/11/1

Y1 - 2020/11/1

N2 - We present results of time-series analysis of the first year of the Fairall 9 intensive disc-reverberation campaign. We used Swift and the Las Cumbres Observatory global telescope network to continuously monitor Fairall 9 from X-rays to near-infrared at a daily to subdaily cadence. The cross-correlation function between bands provides evidence for a lag spectrum consistent with the τ ∝ λ4/3 scaling expected for an optically thick, geometrically thin blackbody accretion disc. Decomposing the flux into constant and variable components, the variable component's spectral energy distribution is slightly steeper than the standard accretion disc prediction. We find evidence at the Balmer edge in both the lag and flux spectra for an additional bound-free continuum contribution that may arise from reprocessing in the broad-line region. The inferred driving light curve suggests two distinct components, a rapidly variable (<4 d) component arising from X-ray reprocessing, and a more slowly varying (>100 d) component with an opposite lag to the reverberation signal.

AB - We present results of time-series analysis of the first year of the Fairall 9 intensive disc-reverberation campaign. We used Swift and the Las Cumbres Observatory global telescope network to continuously monitor Fairall 9 from X-rays to near-infrared at a daily to subdaily cadence. The cross-correlation function between bands provides evidence for a lag spectrum consistent with the τ ∝ λ4/3 scaling expected for an optically thick, geometrically thin blackbody accretion disc. Decomposing the flux into constant and variable components, the variable component's spectral energy distribution is slightly steeper than the standard accretion disc prediction. We find evidence at the Balmer edge in both the lag and flux spectra for an additional bound-free continuum contribution that may arise from reprocessing in the broad-line region. The inferred driving light curve suggests two distinct components, a rapidly variable (<4 d) component arising from X-ray reprocessing, and a more slowly varying (>100 d) component with an opposite lag to the reverberation signal.

KW - Accretion

KW - Accretion discs

KW - Galaxies: active

KW - Quasars: individual: Fairall 9

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85097177351

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85097177351#tab=citedBy

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/staa2365

DO - 10.1093/mnras/staa2365

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85097177351

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 498

SP - 5399

EP - 5416

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 4

ER -

Intensive disc-reverberation mapping of Fairall 9: First year of Swift and LCO monitoring

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