Neuropsychologic impairment in adult bone marrow transplant candidates

Background. Long‐term cognitive impairment has been reported in adult bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients. However, the degree to which such impairment is attributable to the procedure or is a condition existing before BMT is not known. Methods. The presence, nature, and correlates of neuropsychologic impairment were investigated in 55 adult BMT candidates, all of whom had a malignant condition. Impairment was assessed using a screening battery of standardized neuropsychologic tests. Results. Results indicated that: (1) neuropsychologic performance was associated with specific disease and treatment risk factors, in particular a history of cranial radiation or central nervous system disease treated with intrathecal chemotherapy: (2) performance on tests reflecting memory or higher cognitive processing was more likely to be impaired: and (3) the risk of impairment increased as the number of disease and treatment risk factors for cognitive impairment in the patient increased. Conclusions. It was concluded that neuropsychologic impairment occurs in a significant minority of adult patients before BMT. Research is necessary to determine the extent to which such impairment significantly compromises patients' abilities to: (1) make decisions regarding undergoing BMT or participating in research protocols and (2) understand and execute self‐care behaviors after BMT. More broadly, greater attention should be devoted to investigating the presence of long‐term neuropsychologic impairment in adult patients with cancer. Cancer 1992; 70:2288‐2297.