Resumen
Hexavalent chromium combines with glutathione in chloride intracellular channel carrier to form tetravalent and pentavalent chromium in plasma and organelle membranes. It also combines with NADH/NADPH to form pentavalent chromium in mitochondria. Tetravalent- and pentavalent- chromium (directly and indirectly) mediated DNA double strand breaks activate DNA damage signaling sensors: DNA-dependent-protein-kinase signals p53-dependent intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis, and ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated and ataxia-telangiectasia-Rad3-related signal cell-arrest for DNA repair. Tetravalent chromium may be the most potent species since it causes DNA breaks and somatic recombination, but not apoptosis. Upon further failure of apoptosis and senescence/DNA-repair, damaged cells may become immortal with loss-of-heterozygosity and genetic plasticity.
| Idioma original | English |
|---|---|
| Páginas (desde-hasta) | 188-230 |
| Número de páginas | 43 |
| Publicación | Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part C Environmental Carcinogenesis and Ecotoxicology Reviews |
| Volumen | 28 |
| N.º | 3 |
| DOI | |
| Estado | Published - jul 2010 |
Nota bibliográfica
Funding Information:All the authors with to acknowledge the support of their respective institutions. Dr. Xianglin Shi wishes especially to acknowledge the generous support of NIH grant 1R01CA116697.
Financiación
All the authors with to acknowledge the support of their respective institutions. Dr. Xianglin Shi wishes especially to acknowledge the generous support of NIH grant 1R01CA116697.
| Financiadores | Número del financiador |
|---|---|
| National Institutes of Health (NIH) | |
| National Childhood Cancer Registry – National Cancer Institute | R01CA116697 |
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
- Cancer Research